pretreatment, ultrasonic irradiatio

pretreatment, ultrasonic irradiation, and electric desalting
and dewatering.
In pretreatment, the crude oil was heated to reduce
its viscosity and became easy to flow in the pipes.
And water (5% vs. crude oil, v.) was then injected into
the pipeline containing demulsifier. The water and the
heated crude oil were then mixed via static mixer. The
purpose of this step was to mix the water with the
crude oil sufficiently, forming W/O emulsion. In this
way, the water dissolved the salts from the oil phase.
The second step in this work was to treat the
emulsion by ultrasonic irradiation. The emulsion of
crude oil was sent to the ultrasonic standing wave tube
by proportional pump. In this step, the tiny water
drops were agglomerated into bigger ones in the ultrasonic
standing-wave field. It was helpful to the following
step of electric desalting and dewatering.
The third step was to treat the crude oil by electric
desalting and dewatering devices. In this step, the water
particles collapsed and settled down in high electric
intensity field. The salt was removed together with water.
The salts in the crude oil were extracted in water in
the first step. So the final salt content in the crude oil
was determined by two factors. (1) The water should be
mixed sufficiently with the oil to dissolve the salts. (2)
The water containing the salts should be removed as
much as possible. To reduce the energy loss in the experiments,
all pipes were coated with insulation, and the
standing-wave tube was also covered with insulation.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

pretreatment, iradiasi ultrasonik dan listrik desaltingdan dewatering.Di pretreatment, minyak mentah dipanaskan untuk mengurangikekentalan minyak dan menjadi mudah untuk mengalir dalam pipa.Dan air (5% vs minyak mentah, v.) kemudian disuntikkan kepipa yang mengandung demulsifier. Air dandengan pemanas minyak mentah kemudian dicampur melalui static mixer. TheTujuan dari langkah ini adalah campuran air denganmentah minyak cukup, membentuk tanpa emulsi. Dalam hal inijalan, air dilarutkan garam dari fasa minyak.Langkah kedua dalam pekerjaan ini adalah untuk mengobatiEmulsion oleh iradiasi ultrasonik. Emulsiminyak mentah dikirim ke tabung Gelombang ultrasonikoleh pompa sebanding. Dalam langkah ini, air keciltetes yang diaglomerasi menjadi lebih besar di ultrasonikbidang gelombang berdiri. Itu membantu berikutlangkah desalting listrik dan dewatering.Langkah ketiga adalah untuk mengobati minyak mentah dengan listrikdesalting dan dewatering perangkat. Dalam langkah ini, airpartikel runtuh dan menetap di listrik tinggibidang intensitas. Garam dihapus air.Garam dalam minyak mentah diambil di air diLangkah pertama. Jadi akhir garam konten di minyak mentahditentukan oleh dua faktor. (1 air) haruscukup dicampur dengan minyak untuk membubarkan garam. (2)Air yang mengandung garam harus dihapus sebagaisebanyak mungkin. Untuk mengurangi kehilangan energi dalam percobaan,Semua pipa yang dilapisi dengan isolasi, dangelombang berdiri tabung juga ditutupi dengan isolasi.