Vocoders are a class of speech coding systems that analyze the voice s terjemahan - Vocoders are a class of speech coding systems that analyze the voice s Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Vocoders are a class of speech codi

Vocoders are a class of speech coding systems that analyze the voice signal
at the transmitter, transmit parameters derived from the analysis, and then syn-
thesize the voice at the receiver using those parameters. All vocoder systems
attempt to model the speech generation process as a dynamic system and try to
quantify certain physical constraints of the system. These physical constraints
are used to provide a parsimonious description of the speech signal. Vocoders are
in general much more complex than the waveform coders and achieve very high
economy in transmission bit rate. However, they are less robust, and their per-
formance tends to be talker dependent. The most popular among the vocoding
systems is the linear predictive coder (LPG). The other vocoding schemes include
the channel vocoder, formant vocoder, cepstrum vocoder and voice excited
vocoder.

Figure 7.5 shows the traditional speech generation model that is the basis
of all vocoding systems [Fla79]. The sound generating mechanism forms the
source and is linearly separated from the intelligence modulating vocal tract fil-
ter which forms the system. The speech signal is assumed to be of two types:
voiced and unvoiced. Voiced sound ("m”, “n”, “v” pronunciations) are a result of
quasiperiodic vibrations of the vocal chord and unvoiced sounds (“/", “s”, “sh” pro-
nunciations) are fricatives produced by turbulent air flow through a constriction.
The parameters associated with this model are the voice pitch, the pole frequen-
cies of the modulating filter, and the corresponding amplitude parameters. The
pitch frequency for most speakers is below 300 Hz, and extracting this informa-
tion from the signal is very difficult. The pole frequencies correspond to the reso-
nant frequencies of the vocal tract and are often called the formants of the
speech signal. For adult speakers, the formants are centered around 500 Hz,
1500 Hz, 2500 Hz, and 3500 Hz. By meticulously adjusting the parameters of the
speech generation model, good quality speech can be synthesized.
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Vocoders are a class of speech coding systems that analyze the voice signalat the transmitter, transmit parameters derived from the analysis, and then syn-thesize the voice at the receiver using those parameters. All vocoder systemsattempt to model the speech generation process as a dynamic system and try toquantify certain physical constraints of the system. These physical constraintsare used to provide a parsimonious description of the speech signal. Vocoders arein general much more complex than the waveform coders and achieve very higheconomy in transmission bit rate. However, they are less robust, and their per-formance tends to be talker dependent. The most popular among the vocodingsystems is the linear predictive coder (LPG). The other vocoding schemes includethe channel vocoder, formant vocoder, cepstrum vocoder and voice excitedvocoder.Figure 7.5 shows the traditional speech generation model that is the basisof all vocoding systems [Fla79]. The sound generating mechanism forms thesource and is linearly separated from the intelligence modulating vocal tract fil-ter which forms the system. The speech signal is assumed to be of two types:voiced and unvoiced. Voiced sound ("m”, “n”, “v” pronunciations) are a result ofquasiperiodic vibrations of the vocal chord and unvoiced sounds (“/", “s”, “sh” pro-nunciations) are fricatives produced by turbulent air flow through a constriction.The parameters associated with this model are the voice pitch, the pole frequen-cies of the modulating filter, and the corresponding amplitude parameters. Thepitch frequency for most speakers is below 300 Hz, and extracting this informa-tion from the signal is very difficult. The pole frequencies correspond to the reso-nant frequencies of the vocal tract and are often called the formants of thespeech signal. For adult speakers, the formants are centered around 500 Hz,1500 Hz, 2500 Hz, and 3500 Hz. By meticulously adjusting the parameters of thespeech generation model, good quality speech can be synthesized.
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Vocoders adalah kelas sistem pengkodean pidato yang menganalisis sinyal suara
pada pemancar, mengirimkan parameter yang berasal dari analisis, dan kemudian sindrom
thesize suara pada penerima menggunakan parameter. Semua sistem vocoder
mencoba untuk model proses generasi pidato sebagai sistem yang dinamis dan mencoba untuk
mengukur kendala fisik tertentu dari sistem. Kendala fisik
yang digunakan untuk memberikan gambaran pelit sinyal suara. Vocoders yang
pada umumnya jauh lebih kompleks daripada coders gelombang dan mencapai sangat tinggi
ekonomi di tingkat transmisi bit. Namun, mereka kurang kuat, dan per- mereka
Formance cenderung bergantung pembicara. Yang paling populer di kalangan vocoding
sistem adalah coder prediksi linier (LPG). Skema vocoding lainnya termasuk
yang vocoder saluran, vocoder forman, cepstrum vocoder dan suara bersemangat
vocoder. Gambar 7.5 menunjukkan model generasi pidato tradisional yang merupakan dasar dari semua sistem vocoding [Fla79]. Mekanisme menghasilkan suara membentuk sumber dan linear terpisah dari kecerdasan modulasi suara saluran fi l-ter yang membentuk sistem. Sinyal suara diasumsikan dari dua jenis: disuarakan dan tak bersuara. Suara bersuara ("m", "n", "v" pengucapan) adalah hasil dari getaran adanya gejala dari akord vokal dan suara tak terucap ("/", "s", "sh" pro nunciations) adalah frikatif diproduksi oleh turbulen udara mengalir melalui penyempitan. Parameter yang terkait dengan model ini adalah nada suara, yang frequencies tiang species dari modulasi tapis, dan parameter amplitudo yang sesuai. The frekuensi lapangan untuk sebagian besar pembicara di bawah 300 Hz, dan penggalian informasi yang ini tion dari sinyal sangat sulit. Frekuensi tiang sesuai dengan reso- frekuensi nant dari saluran vokal dan sering disebut forman dari sinyal suara. Untuk speaker dewasa, forman yang berpusat di sekitar 500 Hz, 1500 Hz, 2500 Hz, dan 3500 Hz. Dengan cermat menyesuaikan parameter dari model generasi pidato, pidato berkualitas baik dapat disintesis.















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