SIGN AND ANALNSIS as fields in them

SIGN AND ANALNSIS
as fields in themselves—mathematical programming, for example. The term operations research, developed during World War II, enCompasses a large number of specific techniques for use in problem solving. As we explore some of these more sophisticated techniques in greater detail, let us bear in mind that the overall umbrella for these tools of analysis is still the scientific method.
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS
The general heading "management science" is related to several other terms: scientific management, operations research, and mathematical analysis. It might be helpful to attempt some recon-ciliation of terminology before proceeding with the more detailed discussion of specific mathematical techniques. In terms of its philosophy, operations research fundamentally is not different from general approaches to problem solving, partic-ularly the scientific method. From the standpoint of methodology, there is nothing that differentiates operations research from many other types of business or economic analysis. The method involved is still the s'-ientific method: the analyst must examine a problem and pick out the dominant variables, then hypothesize specific relationships between these chosen variables, and finally test his model in the real world. The acid test is the ability to predict future behavior. The scientific management practitioners and/or the industrial engineers would insist that they have been using this approach for years. The interdisciplinary-team approach distinguished opera-tions research in its early days. In many cases, however, the re-search team now includes industrial engineers. Thus "no mean-ingful line can be drawn any more to demarcate operations research from scientific management or scientific management from management science."" Although there is no clear-cut line of demarcation between operations research and other applications of the scientific method to management decision making, the term mathematics is stressed somewhat more in its definitions. For example: O.R. !operations research] is the application of scientific methods, techniques, and tools to problems involving the operations of a system so as to provide those in control of the system with optimum
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

TANDA DAN ANALNSIS sebagai bidang dalam diri — Matematika pemrograman, misalnya. Istilah riset operasi, dikembangkan selama Perang Dunia II, meliputi sejumlah besar teknik-teknik khusus untuk digunakan dalam pemecahan masalah. Seperti kita menjelajahi beberapa teknik lebih canggih ini secara lebih rinci, mari kita ingat payung keseluruhan untuk alat analisis yang masih metode ilmiah. ANALISIS MATEMATIKA The general heading "management science" is related to several other terms: scientific management, operations research, and mathematical analysis. It might be helpful to attempt some recon-ciliation of terminology before proceeding with the more detailed discussion of specific mathematical techniques. In terms of its philosophy, operations research fundamentally is not different from general approaches to problem solving, partic-ularly the scientific method. From the standpoint of methodology, there is nothing that differentiates operations research from many other types of business or economic analysis. The method involved is still the s'-ientific method: the analyst must examine a problem and pick out the dominant variables, then hypothesize specific relationships between these chosen variables, and finally test his model in the real world. The acid test is the ability to predict future behavior. The scientific management practitioners and/or the industrial engineers would insist that they have been using this approach for years. The interdisciplinary-team approach distinguished opera-tions research in its early days. In many cases, however, the re-search team now includes industrial engineers. Thus "no mean-ingful line can be drawn any more to demarcate operations research from scientific management or scientific management from management science."" Although there is no clear-cut line of demarcation between operations research and other applications of the scientific method to management decision making, the term mathematics is stressed somewhat more in its definitions. For example: O.R. !operations research] is the application of scientific methods, techniques, and tools to problems involving the operations of a system so as to provide those in control of the system with optimum i + c r'rnt-oel ti roe t-sn di dalamc

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

TANDA DAN ANALNSIS
sebagai bidang dalam diri-matematika pemrograman, misalnya. Penelitian operasi jangka, dikembangkan selama Perang Dunia II, meliputi sejumlah besar teknik-teknik khusus untuk digunakan dalam pemecahan masalah. Seperti kita menjelajahi beberapa teknik yang lebih canggih secara lebih rinci, mari kita ingat bahwa payung keseluruhan untuk alat ini analisis masih merupakan metode ilmiah.
ANALISIS MATEMATIKA
Judul umum "ilmu manajemen" berhubungan dengan beberapa istilah lain: ilmiah manajemen, riset operasi, dan analisis matematis. Mungkin akan membantu untuk mencoba beberapa rekonstruksi-rekonsiliasi terminologi sebelum melanjutkan dengan pembahasan lebih rinci mengenai teknik matematika tertentu. Dalam hal filosofi, riset operasi fundamental tidak berbeda dengan pendekatan umum untuk pemecahan masalah, partic-ularly metode ilmiah. Dari sudut pandang metodologi, tidak ada yang membedakan riset operasi dari berbagai jenis usaha atau analisis ekonomi. Metode yang terlibat masih merupakan metode S'-ientific: analis harus memeriksa masalah dan memilih variabel dominan, maka hipotesa hubungan spesifik antara variabel-variabel yang dipilih, dan akhirnya menguji modelnya di dunia nyata. Tes asam adalah kemampuan untuk memprediksi perilaku masa depan. Para praktisi manajemen ilmiah dan / atau insinyur industri akan bersikeras bahwa mereka telah menggunakan pendekatan ini selama bertahun-tahun. The interdisipliner tim pendekatan dibedakan penelitian opera-tions di awal hari. Dalam banyak kasus, bagaimanapun, tim re-search sekarang termasuk insinyur industri. Jadi "ada garis mean-ingful dapat ditarik lagi untuk membatasi riset operasi dari manajemen ilmiah atau manajemen ilmiah dari ilmu manajemen." "Meskipun tidak ada garis yang jelas dari demarkasi antara riset operasi dan aplikasi lainnya dari metode ilmiah untuk manajemen pengambilan keputusan, matematika istilah ditekankan agak lebih dalam definisinya Sebagai contoh:. ATAU riset operasi] adalah penerapan metode ilmiah, teknik, dan alat untuk masalah yang melibatkan operasi sistem sehingga memberikan mereka mengendalikan! sistem dengan optimal
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