Application: Therapeutic Techniques
and Procedures
DIVERSITY OF METHODS AND THERAPEUTIC STYLES
Rogers’s original emphasis was on methods of refl ecting feelings. As his view
of psychotherapy developed, its focus shifted away from therapeutic techniques
toward the therapist’s personal qualities, beliefs, and attitudes and toward
the relationship with the client. Attitudes and qualities critical in creating
a favorable relationship include the therapist’s congruence, transparency,
nonjudgmental caring, prizing, presence, empathy, respect, and unconditional
positive regard (Cain, 2010). It is of the utmost importance to remember that
techniques do not function separately from the person of the group facilitator.
Any intervention must be an honest expression of the group facilitator. Carl
Rogers’s style of refl ective response is not the only acceptable way of being a
group facilitator. Rogers emphasized that there are many ways to be facilitative,
and he did not expect others to imitate him. Those who facilitate groups
need to fi nd their own way and discover their unique personal style.
Person-centered therapy has evolved through diversity, inventiveness, creativity,
and individualization in practice (Cain, 2010). In newer versions of the
person-centered approaches, group facilitators have greater freedom to participate
in the relationship, to share their reactions, to confront clients in a
caring way, and to be active in the therapeutic process (Bozarth, Zimring, &
Tausch, 2002; Kirschenbaum, 2009; Lietaer, 1984). Current formulations of the
approach assign more importance to therapists’ bringing in their own hereand-
now experiences, which can stimulate members to explore themselves at
a deeper level. These changes from Rogers’s original view of the counselor
have encouraged the use of a wider variety of methods and a considerable diversity
of therapeutic styles.
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