were in good agreement with the fie

were in good agreement with the field observations. Both island groups are
nesting grounds for large numbers of seabirds (about one million on the Scilly
Isles alone), and the enhancement of primary production by the interaction of
the island mass with the tidal currents is thought to be a factor in their success.
This mechanism appears to be at work around the Indian Ocean coral atolls of
Aldabra and Cosmoledo (Heywood et al. 1990). When there were strong and steady
flows around the islands, there was doming of isopycnals and enhanced planktonic production; when the flows were weak there were none. Internal waves may
also be responsible for upwelling of nutrients around islands. Near Bermuda, Sander
(1981) demonstrated the presence of internal waves of up to 30 m amplitude. When
he compared the potential for fertilizing surface waters from the internal waves
with other potential sources of nutrients, he concluded that the internal wave mechanism was the most important.
Low-frequency internal waves were clearly implicated in the supply of
nutrients to the reef system on Tahiti by Wolanski and Delesalle (1995). Highamplitude internal waves with periods of 24 hours or greater raise nutrient-rich
water up to 30 – 40 m depth at the edge of the reef. From that depth large surface
waves breaking on the reef force the nutrient-rich water up and onto the reef.
The authors suggest the mechanism is linked to the bathymetry of the edge of
the reef, which consists of a series of gullies or mini-canyons (grooves) with steep
walls (spurs). The surface waves break on the spurs and generate upward flows
in the grooves.
7.5.2 Tidal currents and coastal or bottom topography
The flow of tidal currents past coastal headlands often results in vertical transport of nutrients and stimulation of biological production. In a study of these processes around a promontory on an island in British Columbia (St John and Pond
1992, St John et al. 1992b), it was found that significant vertical mixing occurred
in a plume downstream of the promontory during the ebb tide when the mean
velocity through the water column was over 12.7 cm s
−1
.
At the southwest tip of Nova Scotia, Canada, lies Cape Sable. The waters
have long been known to have anomalously low temperatures and high nutrient
concentrations and to support high productivity of lobsters Homarus americanus,
groundfish, shellfish, and herring. Upwelling obviously occurs, and an early
explanation (Garrett and Loucks 1976) was that it was driven by centrifugal forces
associated with the strong tidal currents along the convex coastline. Tee et al. (1993)
proposed a new mechanism involving bottom topography, offering field observations and a model in support of their proposal. Residual currents flowing
from deep to shallow water across a submarine ridge generate upwelling. These
upwelled parcels of water are transported by a longshore current away from the
upwelling region and into a region of strong tidal mixing. The combination of
topographic upwelling and strong tidal mixing leads to the observed cold-water
anomaly and its associated high biological productivity off Cape Sable

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

berada dalam perjanjian yang baik dengan hasil pengamatan di lapangan. Kedua kelompok pulau bersarang Taman untuk sejumlah besar burung laut (sekitar satu juta di ScillyKepulauan sendirian), dan peningkatan produksi utama oleh interaksi massa pulau dengan arus ombak akan membuka dianggap menjadi faktor keberhasilan mereka.Mekanisme ini tampaknya bekerja di sekitar Samudra Hindia karang Atol dariAldabra dan Cosmoledo (Heywood et al., 1990). Ketika ada kuat dan stabilmengalir di sekitar Kepulauan, ada doming dari isopycnals dan ditingkatkan planktonik produksi; Ketika mengalir ada lemah tidak. Gelombang internal mungkinjuga bertanggung jawab upwelling nutrisi di sekitar pulau. Dekat Bermuda, Sander(1981) menunjukkan adanya gelombang internal sampai dengan 30 m amplitudo. KapanDia membandingkan potensi pemupukan permukaan air dari gelombang internaldengan sumber-sumber potensial nutrisi, ia menyimpulkan bahwa mekanisme internal gelombang adalah yang paling penting.Gelombang frekuensi rendah internal yang jelas terlibat dalam pasokan nutrisi untuk sistem karang di Tahiti oleh Wolanski dan Delesalle (1995). Meningkatkan Highamplitude gelombang internal dengan periode 24 jam atau lebih kaya nutrienair sampai ke 30-40 m kedalaman di tepi terumbu karang. Dari permukaan besar kedalaman ituombak memecah di reef memaksa air kaya gizi atas dan ke karang.Para penulis menyarankan mekanisme terkait batimetri tepithe reef, which consists of a series of gullies or mini-canyons (grooves) with steepwalls (spurs). The surface waves break on the spurs and generate upward flowsin the grooves.7.5.2 Tidal currents and coastal or bottom topographyThe flow of tidal currents past coastal headlands often results in vertical transport of nutrients and stimulation of biological production. In a study of these processes around a promontory on an island in British Columbia (St John and Pond1992, St John et al. 1992b), it was found that significant vertical mixing occurredin a plume downstream of the promontory during the ebb tide when the meanvelocity through the water column was over 12.7 cm s−1.At the southwest tip of Nova Scotia, Canada, lies Cape Sable. The waters have long been known to have anomalously low temperatures and high nutrient concentrations and to support high productivity of lobsters Homarus americanus,groundfish, shellfish, and herring. Upwelling obviously occurs, and an earlyexplanation (Garrett and Loucks 1976) was that it was driven by centrifugal forcesassociated with the strong tidal currents along the convex coastline. Tee et al. (1993)proposed a new mechanism involving bottom topography, offering field observations and a model in support of their proposal. Residual currents flowing from deep to shallow water across a submarine ridge generate upwelling. Theseupwelled parcels of water are transported by a longshore current away from theupwelling region and into a region of strong tidal mixing. The combination oftopographic upwelling and strong tidal mixing leads to the observed cold-wateranomaly and its associated high biological productivity off Cape Sable

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

sepakat baik dengan observasi lapangan. Kedua kelompok pulau yang
bersarang alasan untuk sejumlah besar burung laut (sekitar satu juta di Scilly
Isles saja), dan peningkatan produksi primer oleh interaksi
massa pulau dengan arus pasang surut diduga menjadi faktor dalam keberhasilan mereka.
Ini mekanisme tampaknya bekerja sekitar atol karang Samudera Hindia dari
Aldabra dan Cosmoledo (Heywood et al. 1990). Ketika ada yang kuat dan stabil
arus di sekitar pulau-pulau, ada doming dari isopycnals dan ditingkatkan produksi plankton; ketika arus lemah tidak ada. Gelombang internal dapat
juga bertanggung jawab untuk upwelling nutrisi sekitar pulau. Dekat Bermuda, Sander
(1981) menunjukkan adanya gelombang internal hingga 30 m amplitudo. Ketika
ia membandingkan potensi untuk pemupukan air permukaan dari gelombang internal
dengan sumber potensial lainnya nutrisi, ia menyimpulkan bahwa mekanisme internal wave adalah yang paling penting.
Gelombang internal frekuensi rendah jelas terlibat dalam penyediaan
nutrisi ke sistem terumbu di Tahiti oleh Wolanski dan Delesalle (1995). Gelombang internal Highamplitude dengan periode 24 jam atau lebih besar kenaikan gaji yang kaya nutrisi
air hingga 30 - 40 mendalam m di tepi karang. Dari kedalaman permukaan besar
ombak memecah di karang memaksa kaya nutrisi air dan ke karang.
Para penulis menyarankan mekanisme ini terkait dengan batimetri dari tepi
karang, yang terdiri dari serangkaian parit-parit atau mini-lembah (alur) dengan curam
dinding (taji). Gelombang permukaan istirahat pada taji dan menghasilkan arus ke atas
di alur.
7.5.2 arus pasang surut dan topografi pantai atau bawah
Aliran arus pasang surut tanjung pantai masa lalu sering mengakibatkan transportasi vertikal nutrisi dan stimulasi produksi biologis. Dalam sebuah studi dari proses ini sekitar tanjung di sebuah pulau di British Columbia (St John dan kolam
1992, St John et al. 1992b), ditemukan bahwa signifikan pencampuran vertikal terjadi
di segumpal hilir tanjung selama surut saat mean
kecepatan melalui kolom air itu lebih dari 12,7 cm s
-1
.
Di ujung barat daya dari Nova Scotia, Kanada, terletak Cape Sable. Perairan
telah lama dikenal memiliki suhu anomali rendah dan gizi tinggi
konsentrasi dan untuk mendukung produktivitas yang tinggi dari lobster Homarus americanus,
groundfish, kerang, dan ikan haring. Upwelling jelas terjadi, dan awal
penjelasan (Garrett dan Loucks 1976) adalah bahwa hal itu didorong oleh kekuatan sentrifugal
yang terkait dengan arus pasang surut yang kuat di sepanjang garis pantai cembung. Tee et al. (1993)
mengusulkan mekanisme baru yang melibatkan topografi bawah, menawarkan observasi lapangan dan model untuk mendukung proposal mereka. Arus residu yang mengalir
dari dalam ke perairan dangkal di punggung bawah laut menghasilkan upwelling. Ini
paket upwelled air diangkut oleh sejajar pantai saat jauh dari
daerah upwelling dan menjadi wilayah yang kuat pencampuran pasang surut. Kombinasi
upwelling topografi dan kuat pencampuran pasang surut mengarah ke diamati air dingin
anomali dan produktivitas hayati yang tinggi terkait off Cape Sable