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1. Money Supply and Prices and Production in Mainstream TheoriesThe money supply influence on prices as well as production and employment in economyhas been the elementary issue in the theories of variousschools of economics. They fundamentallydiffer in the evaluation of whether changes in the quantity of money inspire changes only in thesphere of money or also in the real sphere1. The problem of money’s neutrality is thus an issuesignificantly affecting the targets of the monetary policy2.The most popular theory on the effects of changes in the money supply is the quantitytheory of money. In its basic version, it was presented by I. Fisher from the mathematicalperspective3. Monetarism is a contemporary school whose theory is based on it. M. Friedmantreated the quantity theory as the theory of the demand for money, arguing that previous versionsshould not be understood differently. In his research, he substituted the velocity of money withthe function of the demand for money4. According to him, this demand is stable from the real
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