RAGE system could be a promising target for prophylaxisand therapy.Cha terjemahan - RAGE system could be a promising target for prophylaxisand therapy.Cha Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

RAGE system could be a promising ta

RAGE system could be a promising target for prophylaxis
and therapy.
Changes in polyol pathway flux, induced by hypergly-
cemia, have been implicated in Schwann cell and pericyte
injury where sorbitol accumulation is thought to disrupt ion
pumps such as the NA+/K+ ATPase (Raccah et al. 1998)
and in overhydration of the lens due to osmotic changes
(Giusti 2003). Several alterations in vascular cells induced
by activation of the diacylglycerol-PKC pathway also ap-
pear to be important in explaining micro-and macrovascular
complications in diabetes. These alterations include the fol-
lowing: changes in renal and retinal blood flow (Ishii et al.
1996), increased vascular permeability and contractility,
and thickening of capillary basement membranes as well as
increased cell proliferation (Lang and Kampmeier 2002).
Finally, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway has been hy-
pothesized to be involved in the development of diabetic
vascular complications, particularly diabetic nephropathy
(Schleicher and Weigert 2000), by inducing various changes
in gene expression and protein activity in addition to the
stimulation of matrix production via glucose-induced trans-
forming growth factor-beta release by mesangial cells
(Kolm-Litty et al. 1998). These findings underscore the im-
portance of glycemic control and emphasize the need for
additional studies to increase our understanding of the de-
velopment of the disease in an effort to identify new pre-
ventive or corrective strategies.
Several exciting recent discoveries have the potential
of paving the way for the prevention of hyperglycemia-
induced micro- and macrovascular alterations. Current stud-
ies have established a common link between the four
discussed pathways: Overproduction of superoxide by the
mitochondrial electron transport chain is found in each path-
way (Brownlee 2001; Hammes 2003). Cell culture experi-
ments now demonstrate promising results on the ability to
interfere with at least three of the pathways by administra-
tion of a drug that activates the pentose phosphate enzyme
transketolase (Hammes et al. 2003). Studies in animals and,
if proven safe, clinical trials are still necessary to establish
the applicability of this important finding. Inhibition of the
PKC pathway, however, has already proven successful in
improving various aspects of renal function. After admin-
istration of a PKC-inhibitor, researchers have observed the
normalization of glomerular hyperfiltration, a decrease in
permeability of the glomerular network as evidenced by a
reduced albumin excretion, decreased production of glo-
merular transforming growth factor-beta-1, and diminished
extracellular matrix production in various animal models
of diabetes (Tuttle and Anderson 2003). Clinical trials
will determine whether these improvements hold promise as
a novel strategy to ameliorate micro- and macrovascular
outcome.
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RAGE system could be a promising target for prophylaxisand therapy.Changes in polyol pathway flux, induced by hypergly-cemia, have been implicated in Schwann cell and pericyteinjury where sorbitol accumulation is thought to disrupt ionpumps such as the NA+/K+ ATPase (Raccah et al. 1998)and in overhydration of the lens due to osmotic changes(Giusti 2003). Several alterations in vascular cells inducedby activation of the diacylglycerol-PKC pathway also ap-pear to be important in explaining micro-and macrovascularcomplications in diabetes. These alterations include the fol-lowing: changes in renal and retinal blood flow (Ishii et al.1996), increased vascular permeability and contractility,and thickening of capillary basement membranes as well asincreased cell proliferation (Lang and Kampmeier 2002).Finally, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway has been hy-pothesized to be involved in the development of diabeticvascular complications, particularly diabetic nephropathy(Schleicher and Weigert 2000), by inducing various changesin gene expression and protein activity in addition to thestimulation of matrix production via glucose-induced trans-forming growth factor-beta release by mesangial cells(Kolm-Litty et al. 1998). These findings underscore the im-portance of glycemic control and emphasize the need foradditional studies to increase our understanding of the de-velopment of the disease in an effort to identify new pre-ventive or corrective strategies.Several exciting recent discoveries have the potentialof paving the way for the prevention of hyperglycemia-induced micro- and macrovascular alterations. Current stud-ies have established a common link between the fourdiscussed pathways: Overproduction of superoxide by themitochondrial electron transport chain is found in each path-way (Brownlee 2001; Hammes 2003). Cell culture experi-ments now demonstrate promising results on the ability tointerfere with at least three of the pathways by administra-tion of a drug that activates the pentose phosphate enzymetransketolase (Hammes et al. 2003). Studies in animals and,if proven safe, clinical trials are still necessary to establishthe applicability of this important finding. Inhibition of thePKC pathway, however, has already proven successful inimproving various aspects of renal function. After admin-istration of a PKC-inhibitor, researchers have observed thenormalization of glomerular hyperfiltration, a decrease inpermeability of the glomerular network as evidenced by areduced albumin excretion, decreased production of glo-merular transforming growth factor-beta-1, and diminishedextracellular matrix production in various animal modelsof diabetes (Tuttle and Anderson 2003). Clinical trialswill determine whether these improvements hold promise asa novel strategy to ameliorate micro- and macrovascularoutcome.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Sistem RAGE bisa menjadi sasaran menjanjikan untuk profilaksis
dan terapi.
Perubahan poliol jalur fluks, yang disebabkan oleh hiperglikemia
cemia, telah terlibat dalam Schwann sel dan pericyte
cedera di mana akumulasi sorbitol diduga mengganggu ion
pompa seperti NA + / K + ATPase ( Raccah et al. 1998)
dan di overhydration lensa karena perubahan osmotik
(Giusti 2003). Beberapa perubahan dalam sel pembuluh darah yang disebabkan
oleh aktivasi jalur juga ap- diasilgliserol-PKC
pir menjadi penting dalam menjelaskan mikro dan makrovaskular
komplikasi diabetes. Perubahan ini meliputi follow
melenguh: (. Ishii et al perubahan aliran darah ginjal dan retina
1996), peningkatan permeabilitas pembuluh darah dan kontraktilitas,
dan penebalan kapiler membran basement serta
. proliferasi sel meningkat (Lang dan Kampmeier 2002)
Akhirnya, jalur biosintesis hexosamine telah hidrokarbon
pothesized untuk terlibat dalam pengembangan diabetes
komplikasi vaskular, terutama nefropati diabetik
(Schleicher dan Weigert 2000), dengan menginduksi berbagai perubahan
dalam ekspresi gen dan aktivitas protein selain
rangsangan produksi matriks melalui glukosa -diinduksi trans-
membentuk faktor pertumbuhan-beta rilis oleh sel mesangial
(Kolm-Litty et al. 1998). Temuan ini menggarisbawahi im-
portance kontrol glikemik dan menekankan perlunya
studi tambahan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman kita tentang de-
Pembangunan penyakit dalam upaya untuk mengidentifikasi baru pra
strategi preventif atau korektif.
Beberapa penemuan-penemuan terbaru yang menarik memiliki potensi
dari membuka jalan bagi pencegahan hyperglycemia-
diinduksi mikro dan makrovaskular perubahan. -Studi saat
ies telah membentuk link umum antara empat
jalur dibahas: Kelebihan dari superoksida oleh
rantai transpor elektron mitokondria ditemukan di setiap path-
cara (Brownlee 2001; Hammes 2003). Kultur sel pengalaman-
KASIH sekarang menunjukkan hasil yang menjanjikan pada kemampuan untuk
mengganggu setidaknya tiga dari jalur oleh administrasi
tion obat yang mengaktifkan enzim pentosa fosfat
transketolase (Hammes et al. 2003). Studi pada hewan dan,
jika terbukti aman, uji klinis masih diperlukan untuk membangun
penerapan temuan penting ini. Penghambatan
jalur PKC, bagaimanapun, telah terbukti sukses di
meningkatkan berbagai aspek fungsi ginjal. Setelah admin-
istration dari PKC-inhibitor, peneliti telah mengamati
normalisasi hiperfiltrasi glomerulus, penurunan
permeabilitas jaringan glomerulus yang dibuktikan dengan
ekskresi albumin berkurang, penurunan produksi glo-
merular mengubah faktor pertumbuhan-beta 1, dan berkurang
produksi matriks ekstraselular dalam berbagai model hewan
diabetes (Tuttle dan Anderson 2003). Uji klinis
akan menentukan apakah perbaikan ini menjanjikan sebagai
strategi baru untuk memperbaiki mikro dan makrovaskular
hasil.
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