SCIENCE / LIFE SCIENCEHow Human Memory Worksby Richard C. Mohs PREV NE terjemahan - SCIENCE / LIFE SCIENCEHow Human Memory Worksby Richard C. Mohs PREV NE Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

SCIENCE / LIFE SCIENCEHow Human Mem

SCIENCE / LIFE SCIENCE
How Human Memory Works
by Richard C. Mohs
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Short and Long Term Memory
Once a memory is created, it must be stored (no matter how briefly). Many experts think there are three ways we store memories: first in the sensory stage; then in short-term memory; and ultimately, for some memories, in long-term memory. Because there is no need for us to maintain everything in our brain, the different stages of human memory function as a sort of filter that helps to protect us from the flood of information that we're confronted with on a daily basis.

The creation of a memory begins with its perception: The registration of information during perception occurs in the brief sensory stage that usually lasts only a fraction of a second. It's your sensory memory that allows a perception such as a visual pattern, a sound, or a touch to linger for a brief moment after the stimulation is over.

After that first flicker, the sensation is stored in short-term memory. Short-term memory has a fairly limited capacity; it can hold about seven items for no more than 20 or 30 seconds at a time. You may be able to increase this capacity somewhat by using various memory strategies. For example, a ten-digit number such as 8005840392 may be too much for your short-term memory to hold. But divided into chunks, as in a telephone number, 800-584-0392 may actually stay in your short-term memory long enough for you to dial the telephone. Likewise, by repeating the number to yourself, you can keep resetting the short-term memory clock.

Important information is gradually transferred from short-term memory into long-term memory. The more the information is repeated or used, the more likely it is to eventually end up in long-term memory, or to be "retained." (That's why studying helps people to perform better on tests.) Unlike sensory and short-term memory, which are limited and decay rapidly, long-term memory can store unlimited amounts of information indefinitely.

People tend to more easily store material on subjects that they already know something about, since the information has more meaning to them and can be mentally connected to related information that is already stored in their long-term memory. That's why someone who has an average memory may be able to remember a greater depth of information about one particular subject.

Most people think of long-term memory when they think of "memory" itself -- but most experts believe information must first pass through sensory and short-term memory before it can be stored as a long-term memory. To learn how information makes its way out of long-term memory, see the next page. We will explore how memories are recalled and what happens when a memory cannot be retrieved - a phenomenon you might call "forgetting.
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SCIENCE / LIFE SCIENCEHow Human Memory Worksby Richard C. Mohs PREV NEXT Short and Long Term MemoryOnce a memory is created, it must be stored (no matter how briefly). Many experts think there are three ways we store memories: first in the sensory stage; then in short-term memory; and ultimately, for some memories, in long-term memory. Because there is no need for us to maintain everything in our brain, the different stages of human memory function as a sort of filter that helps to protect us from the flood of information that we're confronted with on a daily basis.The creation of a memory begins with its perception: The registration of information during perception occurs in the brief sensory stage that usually lasts only a fraction of a second. It's your sensory memory that allows a perception such as a visual pattern, a sound, or a touch to linger for a brief moment after the stimulation is over.After that first flicker, the sensation is stored in short-term memory. Short-term memory has a fairly limited capacity; it can hold about seven items for no more than 20 or 30 seconds at a time. You may be able to increase this capacity somewhat by using various memory strategies. For example, a ten-digit number such as 8005840392 may be too much for your short-term memory to hold. But divided into chunks, as in a telephone number, 800-584-0392 may actually stay in your short-term memory long enough for you to dial the telephone. Likewise, by repeating the number to yourself, you can keep resetting the short-term memory clock.Important information is gradually transferred from short-term memory into long-term memory. The more the information is repeated or used, the more likely it is to eventually end up in long-term memory, or to be "retained." (That's why studying helps people to perform better on tests.) Unlike sensory and short-term memory, which are limited and decay rapidly, long-term memory can store unlimited amounts of information indefinitely.People tend to more easily store material on subjects that they already know something about, since the information has more meaning to them and can be mentally connected to related information that is already stored in their long-term memory. That's why someone who has an average memory may be able to remember a greater depth of information about one particular subject.Most people think of long-term memory when they think of "memory" itself -- but most experts believe information must first pass through sensory and short-term memory before it can be stored as a long-term memory. To learn how information makes its way out of long-term memory, see the next page. We will explore how memories are recalled and what happens when a memory cannot be retrieved - a phenomenon you might call "forgetting.
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ILMU / LIFE SCIENCE
Bagaimana Memori Manusia Bekerja
dengan Richard C. Mohs
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Pendek dan Jangka Panjang Memori
Setelah memori yang dibuat, harus disimpan (tidak peduli seberapa singkat). Banyak ahli berpikir ada tiga cara kita menyimpan kenangan: pertama dalam tahap sensori; maka dalam memori jangka pendek; dan akhirnya, untuk beberapa kenangan, dalam memori jangka panjang. Karena tidak ada kebutuhan bagi kita untuk menjaga segala sesuatu dalam otak kita, berbagai tahap fungsi memori manusia sebagai semacam filter yang membantu melindungi kita dari banjir informasi yang kita dihadapkan dengan setiap hari. Penciptaan memori dimulai dengan persepsi: Pendaftaran informasi selama persepsi terjadi dalam tahap sensorik singkat yang biasanya berlangsung hanya sepersekian detik. Ini memori sensorik Anda yang memungkinkan persepsi seperti pola visual, suara, atau sentuhan untuk berlama-lama untuk sesaat setelah stimulasi berakhir. Setelah itu flicker pertama, sensasi disimpan dalam memori jangka pendek. Memori jangka pendek memiliki kapasitas cukup terbatas; dapat menampung sekitar tujuh item untuk tidak lebih dari 20 atau 30 detik pada suatu waktu. Anda mungkin dapat meningkatkan kapasitas ini agak dengan menggunakan berbagai strategi memori. Sebagai contoh, sejumlah sepuluh digit seperti 8005840392 mungkin terlalu banyak untuk memori jangka pendek Anda untuk menahan. Tapi dibagi menjadi potongan-potongan, seperti dalam nomor telepon, 800-584-0392 mungkin benar-benar tinggal di memori jangka pendek Anda cukup lama bagi Anda untuk menghubungi telepon. Demikian juga, dengan mengulangi nomor untuk diri sendiri, Anda dapat menyimpan ulang jam memori jangka pendek. Informasi penting secara bertahap dipindahkan dari memori jangka pendek ke memori jangka panjang. Semakin banyak informasi yang diulang atau digunakan, semakin besar kemungkinan itu adalah untuk akhirnya berakhir di memori jangka panjang, atau untuk "dipertahankan." (Itu sebabnya belajar membantu orang untuk tampil lebih baik pada tes.) Tidak seperti memori jangka pendek sensorik dan, yang terbatas dan pembusukan cepat, memori jangka panjang dapat menyimpan jumlah yang tidak terbatas dari informasi tanpa batas. Orang-orang cenderung lebih mudah menyimpan materi pada mata pelajaran yang mereka sudah tahu sesuatu tentang, karena informasi yang memiliki makna bagi mereka dan dapat mental terhubung ke informasi terkait yang sudah tersimpan dalam memori jangka panjang mereka. Itu sebabnya seseorang yang memiliki memori rata mungkin dapat mengingat lebih mendalam informasi tentang satu subjek tertentu. Kebanyakan orang berpikir dari memori jangka panjang ketika mereka berpikir tentang "memori" itu sendiri - tapi kebanyakan ahli percaya informasi pertama harus melewati sensorik dan memori jangka pendek sebelum dapat disimpan sebagai memori jangka panjang. Untuk mempelajari bagaimana informasi membuat jalan keluar dari memori jangka panjang, lihat halaman berikutnya. Kami akan mengeksplorasi bagaimana kenangan ingat dan apa yang terjadi ketika memori tidak dapat diambil - sebuah fenomena yang mungkin Anda sebut "melupakan.









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