This paper develops a model in which the rivalry of oligopolistic firm terjemahan - This paper develops a model in which the rivalry of oligopolistic firm Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

This paper develops a model in whic

This paper develops a model in which the rivalry of oligopolistic firms serves as an
independent cause of international trade. The model shows how such rivalry naturally gives rise
to 'dumping' of output in foreign markets, and shows that such dumping can be 'reciprocal' --
that is, there may be two-way trade in the same product. Reciprocal dumping is shown to be
possible for a fairly general specification of firm behaviour. The welfare effects of this seemingly
pointless trade are ambiguous. On the one hand, resources are wasted in the cross-handling of
goods: on the other hand, increased competition reduces monopoly distortions. Surprisingly, in
the case of free entry and Cournot behaviour reciprocal dumping is unambiguously beneficial.
1. Introduction
The phenomenon of 'dumping' in international trade can be explained by
the standard theory of monopolistic price discrimination. I If a profit
maximizing finn believes it faces a higher elasticity of demand abroad than
at home, and it is able to discriminate between foreign and domestic
markets, then it will charge a lower price abroad than at home. Such an
explanation seems to rely on 'accidental' differences in country demands. In
this paper, however, we show how dumping arises for systematic reasons
associated with oligopolistic behaviour.
Brander (1981) develops a model in which the rivalry of oligopolistic firms
serves as an independent cause of international trade and leads to two-way
trade in identical products. 2 In this paper we build on Brander (1981) to
*We would like to thank an anonymous referee for very helpful comments. J. Brander wishes
to gratefully acknowledge financial support from a Social Sciences and Humanities Research
Council of Canada post-doctoral fellowship.
~For an exposition of dumping as monopolistic price discrimination, see Caves and Jones
(1977, pp. 152-154).
2Two-way trade in similar (but not necessarily identical) products is often referred to as intra-
industry trade. Standard references on the importance of intra-industry trade are Balassa (1966)
and Grubel and Lloyd (1975). Alternative explanatory models include Krugman (1979) and
Lancaster (1980).
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This paper develops a model in which the rivalry of oligopolistic firms serves as an independent cause of international trade. The model shows how such rivalry naturally gives rise to 'dumping' of output in foreign markets, and shows that such dumping can be 'reciprocal' -- that is, there may be two-way trade in the same product. Reciprocal dumping is shown to be possible for a fairly general specification of firm behaviour. The welfare effects of this seemingly pointless trade are ambiguous. On the one hand, resources are wasted in the cross-handling of goods: on the other hand, increased competition reduces monopoly distortions. Surprisingly, in the case of free entry and Cournot behaviour reciprocal dumping is unambiguously beneficial. 1. Introduction The phenomenon of 'dumping' in international trade can be explained by the standard theory of monopolistic price discrimination. I If a profit maximizing finn believes it faces a higher elasticity of demand abroad than at home, and it is able to discriminate between foreign and domestic markets, then it will charge a lower price abroad than at home. Such an explanation seems to rely on 'accidental' differences in country demands. In this paper, however, we show how dumping arises for systematic reasons associated with oligopolistic behaviour. Brander (1981) develops a model in which the rivalry of oligopolistic firms serves as an independent cause of international trade and leads to two-way trade in identical products. 2 In this paper we build on Brander (1981) to *We would like to thank an anonymous referee for very helpful comments. J. Brander wishes to gratefully acknowledge financial support from a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada post-doctoral fellowship. ~For an exposition of dumping as monopolistic price discrimination, see Caves and Jones (1977, pp. 152-154). 2Two-way trade in similar (but not necessarily identical) products is often referred to as intra-industry trade. Standard references on the importance of intra-industry trade are Balassa (1966) and Grubel and Lloyd (1975). Alternative explanatory models include Krugman (1979) and Lancaster (1980).
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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Makalah ini mengembangkan model di mana persaingan dari perusahaan oligopolistik berfungsi sebagai
penyebab independen perdagangan internasional. Model menunjukkan bagaimana persaingan tersebut secara alami menimbulkan
untuk 'membuang' output di pasar luar negeri, dan menunjukkan bahwa dumping bisa 'timbal balik' -
yaitu, mungkin ada perdagangan dua arah dalam produk yang sama. Timbal balik dumping terbukti
mungkin untuk spesifikasi yang cukup umum perilaku perusahaan. Efek kesejahteraan tampaknya ini
perdagangan gunanya adalah ambigu. Di satu sisi, sumber daya yang terbuang di lintas penanganan
barang: di sisi lain, meningkatnya persaingan mengurangi distorsi monopoli. Anehnya, dalam
kasus masuk bebas dan perilaku Cournot timbal balik dumping adalah jelas menguntungkan.
1. Pendahuluan
Fenomena 'pembuangan' dalam perdagangan internasional dapat dijelaskan dengan
teori standar monopoli diskriminasi harga. Aku Jika keuntungan
memaksimalkan Finn percaya itu menghadapi elastisitas yang lebih tinggi dari permintaan luar negeri daripada
di rumah, dan ia mampu membedakan antara asing dan domestik
pasar, maka akan mengenakan harga yang lebih rendah di luar negeri daripada di rumah. Sebuah seperti
penjelasan tampaknya mengandalkan perbedaan 'kecelakaan' dalam tuntutan negara. Dalam
tulisan ini, namun, kami menunjukkan bagaimana pembuangan muncul untuk alasan yang sistematis
terkait dengan perilaku oligopolistik.
Brander (1981) mengembangkan sebuah model di mana persaingan dari perusahaan oligopolistik
berfungsi sebagai penyebab independen perdagangan internasional dan mengarah ke dua arah
perdagangan identik produk. 2 Dalam makalah ini kami membangun Brander (1981) ke
* Kami ingin mengucapkan terima kasih wasit anonim untuk komentar sangat membantu. J. Brander ingin
untuk mengucapkan terima kasih dukungan keuangan dari Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora Penelitian
Council of Canada pasca-doktoral persekutuan.
~ Untuk eksposisi dumping sebagai monopoli diskriminasi harga, melihat Gua dan Jones
(1977, hlm. 152-154).
2Two perdagangan -way di produk sejenis (tapi tidak harus identik) sering disebut sebagai intra
industri perdagangan. Referensi standar tentang pentingnya perdagangan intra-industri yang Balassa (1966)
dan Grubel dan Lloyd (1975). Model jelas alternatif termasuk Krugman (1979) dan
Lancaster (1980).
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