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Bahasa Indonesia) 1:
[Salinan]Disalin!
you decide whether to study economics, buy a car, or go to college, you will give something up—there will be a forgone opportunity. The next-best good that is forgone represents the opportunity cost of a decision. The concept of opportunity cost can be illus-trated using thePPF. Examine the frontier in Fig-ure 1-2, which shows the tradeoff between guns and butter. Suppose the country decides to increase its gun purchases from 9000 guns at D to 12,000 units atC. What is the opportunity cost of this decision? You might calculate the cost in dollar terms. But in eco-nomics we always need to “pierce the veil” of money to examine thereal impacts of alternative decisions. On the most fundamental level, the opportunity cost of moving from D toC is the butter that must be given up to produce the extra guns. In this example, the opportunity cost of the 3000 extra guns is 1 mil-lion pounds of butter forgone. Or consider the real-world example of the cost of opening a gold mine near Yellowstone National Park. The developer argues that the mine will have but a small cost because Yellowstone’s revenues will hardly be affected. But an economist would answer that the dollar receipts are too narrow a measure of cost. We should ask whether the unique and precious qualities of Yellowstone might be degraded if a gold mine were to operate, with the accompanying noise, water and air pollution, and decline in amenity values for visitors. While the dollar cost might be small, the opportunity cost in lost wilderness values might be large indeed.
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