There is even the potential for the

There is even the potential for the Internet to act as a tool for divergence in incomes between rich and poor. The fact that general technologies are important for growth, and that rich countries today are by and large the countries that were rich fifty or one hundred years ago (see Kenny 1999), suggests that ‘the average’ technology probably has a larger impact on growth prospects in wealthy countries than in poor countries (Heeks and Kenny 2001). Venables (2001) also suggests that innovations in communications technologies in the past have further concentrated income in a few geographic areas.
A number of studies based on US and European countries also suggest that backwards companies and regions are benefiting less from the Internet as well, as would be expected if network externalities and low-utility traps were at work. Indeed, the firms that are benefiting most from the introduction of IT are those that were already thriving in the ‘old economy’ (World Bank 2000; Doms, Dunne and Troske 1997; Greenan, Mairess and Topiol-Bensaid 2001). At the regional level, advanced regions in Europe have also benefited more from the rollout of communications infrastructure than backward regions (Cornford 2001).16 Looking at production of high value-added ‘knowledge goods’ in particular, this has remained concentrated in wealthier regions in the UK, for example, despite falling communications costs (Cornford 2001). Finally, there is global evidence that ‘dot.com’ firms are also highly concentrated, and concentrated in regions that were wealthy prior to their creation (Gillespie, Richardson and Cornford 2001).

LDCs face high costs to access ICTs, a number of barriers to exploit that access, limited opportunities if those barriers are overcome, and some threat that wider access to ICTs might actually speed divergence, then. It is perhaps for such reasons that even studies that find a historical link between IT investment and growth in developed countries fail to find such a link in LDCs (see Pohjola 2001 and Meyer 2000).

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Bahkan ada potensi untuk Internet untuk bertindak sebagai alat untuk perbedaan pendapatan antara kaya dan miskin. Fakta bahwa teknologi yang umum penting bagi pertumbuhan, dan bahwa negara-negara kaya hari oleh dan besar negara yang kaya lima puluh atau satu ratus tahun yang lalu (Lihat Kenny 1999), menunjukkan bahwa teknologi 'rata' mungkin memiliki dampak besar pada prospek pertumbuhan di negara-negara kaya daripada di negara-negara miskin (Heeks dan Kenny 2001). Venables (2001) juga menunjukkan bahwa inovasi dalam teknologi komunikasi di masa lalu memiliki lebih terkonsentrasi pendapatan di beberapa wilayah geografis.A number of studies based on US and European countries also suggest that backwards companies and regions are benefiting less from the Internet as well, as would be expected if network externalities and low-utility traps were at work. Indeed, the firms that are benefiting most from the introduction of IT are those that were already thriving in the ‘old economy’ (World Bank 2000; Doms, Dunne and Troske 1997; Greenan, Mairess and Topiol-Bensaid 2001). At the regional level, advanced regions in Europe have also benefited more from the rollout of communications infrastructure than backward regions (Cornford 2001).16 Looking at production of high value-added ‘knowledge goods’ in particular, this has remained concentrated in wealthier regions in the UK, for example, despite falling communications costs (Cornford 2001). Finally, there is global evidence that ‘dot.com’ firms are also highly concentrated, and concentrated in regions that were wealthy prior to their creation (Gillespie, Richardson and Cornford 2001).LDCs face high costs to access ICTs, a number of barriers to exploit that access, limited opportunities if those barriers are overcome, and some threat that wider access to ICTs might actually speed divergence, then. It is perhaps for such reasons that even studies that find a historical link between IT investment and growth in developed countries fail to find such a link in LDCs (see Pohjola 2001 and Meyer 2000).

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

Bahkan ada potensi Internet untuk bertindak sebagai alat untuk perbedaan pendapatan antara kaya dan miskin. Fakta bahwa teknologi umum yang penting untuk pertumbuhan, dan bahwa negara-negara kaya saat ini pada umumnya negara-negara yang kaya lima puluh atau seratus tahun yang lalu (lihat Kenny 1999), menunjukkan bahwa 'rata-rata' teknologi mungkin memiliki dampak yang lebih besar pada pertumbuhan prospek di negara-negara kaya daripada di negara-negara miskin (Heeks dan Kenny 2001). Venables (2001) juga menunjukkan bahwa inovasi dalam teknologi komunikasi di masa lalu memiliki pendapatan lebih terkonsentrasi di wilayah geografis beberapa.
Sejumlah studi berdasarkan AS dan negara-negara Eropa juga menunjukkan bahwa mundur perusahaan dan daerah yang mendapatkan manfaat kurang dari internet juga, seperti yang diharapkan jika eksternalitas jaringan dan perangkap rendah utilitas sedang bekerja. Memang, perusahaan-perusahaan yang mendapatkan manfaat paling banyak dari pengenalan TI adalah mereka yang sudah berkembang di 'ekonomi lama' (Bank Dunia 2000; Doms, Dunne dan Troske 1997; Greenan, Mairess dan Topiol-Bensaid 2001). Di tingkat regional, daerah maju di Eropa juga diuntungkan lebih dari peluncuran infrastruktur komunikasi dari daerah tertinggal (Cornford 2001) 0,16 Melihat produksi bernilai tambah tinggi 'barang pengetahuan' pada khususnya, ini tetap terkonsentrasi di daerah kaya di Inggris, misalnya, meskipun penurunan biaya komunikasi (Cornford 2001). Akhirnya, ada bukti global yang perusahaan 'dot.com' juga sangat terkonsentrasi, dan terkonsentrasi di daerah yang kaya sebelum penciptaan mereka (Gillespie, Richardson dan Cornford 2001). LDCs menghadapi biaya tinggi untuk mengakses TIK, sejumlah hambatan untuk mengeksploitasi akses itu, kesempatan terbatas jika hambatan-hambatan dapat diatasi, dan beberapa ancaman yang akses yang lebih luas terhadap TIK mungkin benar-benar kecepatan divergence, kemudian. Hal ini mungkin untuk alasan yang bahkan penelitian yang menemukan link historis antara investasi TI dan pertumbuhan di negara-negara maju gagal untuk menemukan link seperti di LDC (lihat Pohjola 2001 dan Meyer 2000).