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7.3.2 Tidally mixed areas and the spawning of fishFisheries biologists have long been puzzled by the ability of a single species such as herring to divide into a number of discrete breeding stocks, each with acharacteristic place and time of breeding, and often with recognizable small differences in body structure. The feeding adults of the various stocks are often foundmixed together in the same place but at breeding time they segregate and returnto the place where they were hatched. In this way they maintain genetic differentiation of the stocks. How do they recognize those breeding grounds, and whatdefines their limits? For some stocks, the breeding ground is readily identified asa group of fjords (e.g., the Norwegian coast) or estuaries (as on the Maine coast),but in other cases there is no clear physical boundary to the spawning ground orthe nursery area in which the young fish develop. Iles and Sinclair (1982) noticedthat the breeding grounds of a number of herring stocks are located in areas ofvigorous tidal mixing, bordered in summer by a tidal front. They proposed thattidally mixed areas act to define and delimit the breeding and nursery areas of anumber of stocks of herring, on both sides of the North Atlantic.
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