Overweight women with PCOS have been characterized by elevated markers terjemahan - Overweight women with PCOS have been characterized by elevated markers Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Overweight women with PCOS have bee

Overweight women with PCOS have been characterized by elevated markers of inflammation relative to weight-matched healthy controls (47–49). Markers of inflammation are inversely associated with insulin sensitivity (37), and elevated biomarkers of inflammation are a risk factor for T2D (50). Thus, we predicted that a diet that improved metabolic health would result in a reduction in circulating markers of inflammation. In support of this hypothesis, we observed that after the lower-carbohydrate arm, the change in IAAT was associated with the change in TNF-α, independent of the change in total body fat mass. This observation suggests that depletion of IAAT with carbohydrate restriction may have mediated a decrease in inflammation. In women with or without PCOS, in vitro TNF-α production was correlated with circulating concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione (51). It is possible that the decrease in testosterone observed in this study after the lower-carbohydrate diet (29) may have been related to inflammation. Longer-term studies are needed to better gauge the effectiveness of carbohydrate restriction in reducing inflammation and associated reproductive and metabolic defects in women with PCOS.

A strength of both studies was that the protein content of the diets did not differ. Elevated dietary protein may contribute to maintenance of, or gain in, lean body mass (52). In addition, dietary protein affects insulin secretion (53) and satiety (54). Because we were assessing the influence of carbohydrate reduction on insulin secretion, we wanted to avoid any potential confounding influence of differences in dietary protein. We provided food throughout the study; thus, we did not anticipate that differences in satiety/hunger would affect study results, because food intake was determined by the study protocol. However, one of the goals of the studies was to evaluate the effect of the diets on hunger/satiety (28). For this reason, the protein content of the 2 diets was carefully matched.

In summary, among 2 groups of individuals at elevated risk of T2D (overweight/obese/prediabetic adults, women with PCOS), restriction of dietary carbohydrate (relative to restriction of dietary fat) resulted in favorable changes in body composition, fat distribution, and glucose metabolism that may reduce the risk of T2D.
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Overweight women with PCOS have been characterized by elevated markers of inflammation relative to weight-matched healthy controls (47–49). Markers of inflammation are inversely associated with insulin sensitivity (37), and elevated biomarkers of inflammation are a risk factor for T2D (50). Thus, we predicted that a diet that improved metabolic health would result in a reduction in circulating markers of inflammation. In support of this hypothesis, we observed that after the lower-carbohydrate arm, the change in IAAT was associated with the change in TNF-α, independent of the change in total body fat mass. This observation suggests that depletion of IAAT with carbohydrate restriction may have mediated a decrease in inflammation. In women with or without PCOS, in vitro TNF-α production was correlated with circulating concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione (51). It is possible that the decrease in testosterone observed in this study after the lower-carbohydrate diet (29) may have been related to inflammation. Longer-term studies are needed to better gauge the effectiveness of carbohydrate restriction in reducing inflammation and associated reproductive and metabolic defects in women with PCOS.A strength of both studies was that the protein content of the diets did not differ. Elevated dietary protein may contribute to maintenance of, or gain in, lean body mass (52). In addition, dietary protein affects insulin secretion (53) and satiety (54). Because we were assessing the influence of carbohydrate reduction on insulin secretion, we wanted to avoid any potential confounding influence of differences in dietary protein. We provided food throughout the study; thus, we did not anticipate that differences in satiety/hunger would affect study results, because food intake was determined by the study protocol. However, one of the goals of the studies was to evaluate the effect of the diets on hunger/satiety (28). For this reason, the protein content of the 2 diets was carefully matched.In summary, among 2 groups of individuals at elevated risk of T2D (overweight/obese/prediabetic adults, women with PCOS), restriction of dietary carbohydrate (relative to restriction of dietary fat) resulted in favorable changes in body composition, fat distribution, and glucose metabolism that may reduce the risk of T2D.
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Wanita gemuk dengan PCOS telah ditandai dengan penanda peningkatan peradangan relatif terhadap kontrol yang sehat berat badan-cocok (47-49). Tanda peradangan yang terbalik terkait dengan sensitivitas insulin (37), dan biomarker peningkatan peradangan merupakan faktor risiko untuk T2D (50). Dengan demikian, kami memprediksikan bahwa diet yang meningkatkan kesehatan metabolisme akan menghasilkan pengurangan penanda peradangan beredar. Untuk mendukung hipotesis ini, kami mengamati bahwa setelah lengan bawah karbohidrat, perubahan BPTP dikaitkan dengan perubahan TNF-α, independen dari perubahan total massa lemak tubuh. Pengamatan ini menunjukkan bahwa menipisnya BPTP dengan pembatasan karbohidrat mungkin telah dimediasi penurunan peradangan. Pada wanita dengan atau tanpa PCOS, in vitro produksi TNF-α berkorelasi dengan konsentrasi testosteron dan androstenedion (51) beredar. Ada kemungkinan bahwa penurunan testosteron yang diamati dalam penelitian ini setelah diet rendah karbohidrat (29) mungkin telah berhubungan dengan peradangan. Studi jangka panjang yang diperlukan untuk lebih mengukur efektivitas pembatasan karbohidrat dalam mengurangi peradangan dan reproduksi terkait dan cacat metabolik pada wanita dengan PCOS.

Kekuatan kedua studi adalah bahwa kandungan protein dari diet tidak berbeda. Protein yang tinggi dapat berkontribusi untuk pemeliharaan, atau mendapatkan di, ramping massa tubuh (52). Selain itu, protein mempengaruhi sekresi insulin (53) dan kenyang (54). Karena kami menilai pengaruh pengurangan karbohidrat pada sekresi insulin, kami ingin menghindari pengaruh perancu potensial dari perbedaan protein diet. Kami menyediakan makanan selama penelitian; dengan demikian, kita tidak mengantisipasi bahwa perbedaan kenyang / lapar akan mempengaruhi hasil penelitian, karena asupan makanan ditentukan oleh protokol penelitian. Namun, salah satu tujuan dari studi adalah untuk mengevaluasi efek dari diet pada kelaparan / kenyang (28). Untuk alasan ini, kandungan protein dari 2 diet dengan hati-hati cocok.

Singkatnya, di antara 2 kelompok individu yang berisiko tinggi dari T2D (kelebihan berat badan / obesitas / dewasa prediabetic, wanita dengan PCOS), pembatasan karbohidrat diet (relatif terhadap pembatasan diet lemak) mengakibatkan perubahan yang menguntungkan dalam komposisi tubuh, distribusi lemak, dan metabolisme glukosa yang dapat mengurangi risiko T2D.
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