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Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from the Ethicscommittee of Basel (Ref. 147/08, AHRI/ALERT; Ref. P010/08) and the Ethiopian National Ethical Review Committees(Ref. RDHE/65-86/2009). After informed consent was obtainedfrom participants, sputum samples from suspectedpulmonary TB patients and fine needle aspirates (FNAs)samples from suspected TB lymphadenitis patients werecollected by trained laboratory technicians or physicians.FNA specimens were collected and stored in cryo-tubes withphosphate buffer saline (PBS) pH7.2, and sputum specimenswere collected in sterile containers. Suspected tuberculouslesions were collected by trained meat inspectors from cattlecarcasses at Negelle abattoir and from camels and goatsslaughtered at Filtu slaughterhouse. Similarly, sampling ofsuspected tuberculous lesions was also performed on camelsand goats that were traceable back to the pastoral areas inSouth-East Ethiopia at Mojo and Addis Ababa abattoirs. Allanimal specimens were preserved in PBS in 30-ml plasticsterile universal containers. All human and animal specimenswere stored at 4C until transported on ice within 5 days tothe Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI) laboratoryin Addis Ababa. In case of unavailable transportation means,samples were kept in the regions at -20C before transportand further processing at AHRI. A flow chart of the samplecollection, processing and molecular typing is provided inGambar 2.
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