INTRODUCTIONBecause of their benefi

INTRODUCTION
Because of their beneficial qualities
and its high activity against a broad spectrum
of insect pests, synthetic pyrethroids have attracted
farmers and health departments to use
them in agriculture (Gu et al., 2007; Kakko et
al., 2003; Villarini et al., 1998). One such pyrethroid
that has found wide acceptability and
is extremely used is deltamethrin ((S)-α-
cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(1R, 3R) - cis-3-(2.2-
dibromovinyl)-2, 2- dimethyl cyclopropane
carboxylate). Deltamethrin (DM) is a non-composite and non-cumulative insecticide
with no fumigant action and stable biological
activity in the environment. All pyrethroids
due to their lipophilicity are readily taken up
by biological membranes and tissues (Oros et
al., 2005). As such pyrethroid metabolites
have been found in the urine of pregnant
women (Berkowitz et al., 2003; Whyatt et al.,
2002), urine of elementary-age children that
appear to be primarily the result of residential
exposure (Lu et al., 2006, 2009) and urine of
67% of cohort preschool children with detectable
levels of the pyrethroid metabolite 3-
phenoxybenzoic acid (Morgan et al., 2007).
Various medical abnormalities in Chinese
population due to DM intoxication were also
reported by He et al., (1989). There is also information
on pyrethroid contamination of surface
water and stream bed sediment in agricultural
regions of California whose concentrations
are sufficient to cause toxicities to sediment-
dwelling organisms (Starner et al.,
2008).
Acute toxicity data for DM in fish
have been published as a report of the WHO
(1990). End effects of DM in different fish
included effects on activities of Catalase, glutathione
peroxidase and glutathione reductase
(Diana et al., 2007), Na+ K+-ATPase, fatty
acid patterns of the phospholipids in erythrocyte
plasma membrane (Kotkat et al., 1999),
LDH, GOT and glucose (Balint et al., 1995),
pathoanatomical changes (Svobodova et al.,
2003), hypocalcemia (Srivastav et al., 2009),
hyperexcitability and carbonic anhydrase enzymes
(Ekinci and Beydemir, 2010), expression
of HSP70 (Ceyhun et al., 2010, Atamanalp
et al., 2010), detoxifying enzymes like
total CYP450 and EROD activities (Assis et
al., 2009; Pimpão et al., 2007; Viran et al.,
2003) and GABA receptors (Velisek et al.,
2007). Studies with DM on mammals carried
out revealed alterations in P450 contents and
P450 monooxygenases in rat (Dayal et al.,
2003), inhibition of mitotic index and chromosomal
aberrations in rats (Agarwal et al.,
1994), tumour-initiating activity in mice
(Shukla et al., 2001), DNA damage with micronuclei
induction (Villarini et al., 1998;
Dolara et al., 1992), induction of sister chromatid
exchange (SCE) in mouse (Chauhan et
al., 1997), suppression of immune system
(Kontreczky et al., 1997) and retardation of
growth, hypoplasia of the lungs, dilation of the
renal pelvis and increase in placental weight
when pregnant rats were treated from day 6 to
day 15 of pregnancy (Abdel Khalik et al.,
1993). In humans also DM is known to cause
DNA damage and micronuclei induction in
lymphocytes (Kontreczky et al., 1997).

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

INTRODUCTIONBecause of their beneficial qualitiesand its high activity against a broad spectrumof insect pests, synthetic pyrethroids have attractedfarmers and health departments to usethem in agriculture (Gu et al., 2007; Kakko etal., 2003; Villarini et al., 1998). One such pyrethroidthat has found wide acceptability andis extremely used is deltamethrin ((S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(1R, 3R) - cis-3-(2.2-dibromovinyl)-2, 2- dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylate). Deltamethrin (DM) is a non-composite and non-cumulative insecticidewith no fumigant action and stable biologicalactivity in the environment. All pyrethroidsdue to their lipophilicity are readily taken upby biological membranes and tissues (Oros etal., 2005). As such pyrethroid metaboliteshave been found in the urine of pregnantwomen (Berkowitz et al., 2003; Whyatt et al.,2002), urine of elementary-age children thatappear to be primarily the result of residentialexposure (Lu et al., 2006, 2009) and urine of67% of cohort preschool children with detectablelevels of the pyrethroid metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (Morgan et al., 2007).Various medical abnormalities in Chinesepopulation due to DM intoxication were alsoreported by He et al., (1989). There is also informationon pyrethroid contamination of surfacewater and stream bed sediment in agriculturalregions of California whose concentrationsare sufficient to cause toxicities to sediment-dwelling organisms (Starner et al.,2008).Acute toxicity data for DM in fishhave been published as a report of the WHO(1990). End effects of DM in different fishincluded effects on activities of Catalase, glutathioneperoxidase and glutathione reductase(Diana et al., 2007), Na+ K+-ATPase, fattyacid patterns of the phospholipids in erythrocyteplasma membrane (Kotkat et al., 1999),LDH, GOT and glucose (Balint et al., 1995),pathoanatomical changes (Svobodova et al.,2003), hypocalcemia (Srivastav et al., 2009),hyperexcitability and carbonic anhydrase enzymes(Ekinci and Beydemir, 2010), expressionof HSP70 (Ceyhun et al., 2010, Atamanalpet al., 2010), detoxifying enzymes liketotal CYP450 and EROD activities (Assis etal., 2009; Pimpão et al., 2007; Viran et al.,2003) and GABA receptors (Velisek et al.,2007). Studies with DM on mammals carriedout revealed alterations in P450 contents andP450 monooxygenases in rat (Dayal et al.,2003), inhibition of mitotic index and chromosomalaberrations in rats (Agarwal et al.,1994), tumour-initiating activity in mice(Shukla et al., 2001), DNA damage with micronucleiinduction (Villarini et al., 1998;Dolara et al., 1992), induction of sister chromatidexchange (SCE) in mouse (Chauhan etal., 1997), suppression of immune system(Kontreczky et al., 1997) and retardation ofgrowth, hypoplasia of the lungs, dilation of therenal pelvis and increase in placental weightKetika hamil tikus diperlakukan dari hari 6hari 15 kehamilan (Abdel Khalik et al.,1993). pada manusia juga DM diketahui menyebabkanDNA induksi kerusakan dan micronuclei dilimfosit (Kontreczky et al., 1997).

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

PENDAHULUAN
Karena sifat menguntungkan mereka
dan aktivitas yang tinggi terhadap spektrum yang luas
dari hama serangga, piretroid sintetis telah menarik
petani dan departemen kesehatan untuk digunakan
dalam pertanian (Gu et al, 2007;. Kakko et
al, 2003;. Villarini et al. 1998). Salah satu piretroid seperti
yang telah menemukan penerimaan luas dan
yang sangat digunakan adalah deltametrin ((S) -α-
siano-3-phenoxybenzyl- (1R, 3R) - cis-3- (2.2-
dibromovinyl) -2, 2- dimetil siklopropana
karboksilat ). Deltametrin (DM) adalah insektisida non-komposit dan non-kumulatif
dengan tidak ada tindakan fumigan dan biologis stabil
kegiatan di lingkungan. Semua piretroid
karena lipofilisitasnya mereka dapat segera diambil
oleh membran biologis dan jaringan (Oros et
al., 2005). Sebagai metabolit piretroid seperti
telah ditemukan dalam urin dari hamil
wanita (Berkowitz et al, 2003;.. Whyatt et al,
2002), urin anak SD usia yang
tampaknya terutama hasil dari perumahan
paparan (Lu et al. 2006, 2009) dan urin dari
67% dari kelompok anak-anak prasekolah dengan terdeteksi
kadar metabolit piretroid 3-
asam phenoxybenzoic (Morgan et al., 2007).
Berbagai kelainan medis dalam bahasa Cina
populasi karena DM keracunan juga
dilaporkan oleh Dia et al., (1989). Ada juga informasi
tentang kontaminasi piretroid permukaan
air dan aliran sedimen tidur di pertanian
daerah California yang konsentrasi
yang cukup untuk menyebabkan toksisitas untuk sediment-
tinggal organisme (Starner et al.,
2008).
Toksisitas akut Data untuk DM pada ikan
telah diterbitkan sebagai laporan dari WHO
(1990). Efek akhir DM pada ikan yang berbeda
termasuk efek pada kegiatan katalase, glutathione
peroxidase dan glutation reduktase
(Diana et al., 2007), Na + K + -ATPase, lemak
pola asam fosfolipid di eritrosit
membran plasma (Kotkat et al., 1999 ),
LDH, GOT dan glukosa (Balint et al., 1995),
perubahan pathoanatomical (Svobodova et al.,
2003), hipokalsemia (Srivastav et al., 2009),
enzim hyperexcitability dan karbonat anhidrase
(Ekinci dan Beydemir, 2010), ekspresi
(. Ceyhun et al, 2010, Atamanalp dari HSP70
. et al, 2010), enzim-enzim detoksifikasi seperti
jumlah kegiatan CYP450 dan EROD (Assis et
al, 2009;. Pimpão et al, 2007;.. Viran et al,
2003) dan reseptor GABA (Velisek et al.,
2007). Studi dengan DM pada mamalia dilakukan
keluar mengungkapkan perubahan dalam isi P450 dan
P450 monooxygenases tikus (Dayal et al.,
2003), penghambatan indeks dan kromosom mitosis
penyimpangan pada tikus (Agarwal et al.,
1994), aktivitas tumor-memulai pada tikus
(Shukla et al., 2001), kerusakan DNA dengan mikronukleus
induksi (Villarini et al, 1998;.
. Dolara et al, 1992), induksi kromatit
(Chauhan et exchange (SCE) pada tikus
. al, 1997), penekanan sistem kekebalan tubuh
(Kontreczky et al., 1997) dan keterbelakangan dari
pertumbuhan, hipoplasia paru-paru, pelebaran
pelvis ginjal dan peningkatan berat plasenta
ketika tikus hamil diperlakukan dari hari ke 6
hari 15 kehamilan (Abdel Khalik et al. ,
1993). Pada manusia juga DM diketahui menyebabkan
kerusakan DNA dan induksi mikronukleus di
limfosit (Kontreczky et al., 1997).