Cognitive elements are the rules that specify what types of actors are terjemahan - Cognitive elements are the rules that specify what types of actors are Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Cognitive elements are the rules th

Cognitive elements are the rules that specify what types of actors are allowed to exist, what structural features they exhibit, what procedures they can follow, and what meanings are associated with these actions. Hence, cognitive elements are more basic to the operation of social systems and provide frameworks on which normative and regulative systems are constructed. The new institutionalism has emphasized the importance of these cognitive facets of institutions (see Meyer and Rowan, 1977; Zucker, 1977; DiMaggio and Powell, 1991). The prevalence or density of a form or practice is often employed as an indicator of cognitive legitimacy (Fligstein, 1985; Westphal and Zajac, 1994).'

Each of the three elements gives rise to legitimacy, defined as "a condition reflecting cultural alignment, normative support, or consonance with relevant rules or laws" (Scott, 1995: 45),depending on whether the emphasis is on cognitive, normative, or regulatory aspects of institutions. The three institutional elements can apply to different types of organizations (e.g., registration or accreditation may be relevant for one type of organization but not another). Moreover, it is possible for an organization to be judged as legitimate in terms of one set of elements but not another for example, a firm may be accredited by a professional agency but may be found to be in violation of regulatory rules."
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Cognitive elements are the rules that specify what types of actors are allowed to exist, what structural features they exhibit, what procedures they can follow, and what meanings are associated with these actions. Hence, cognitive elements are more basic to the operation of social systems and provide frameworks on which normative and regulative systems are constructed. The new institutionalism has emphasized the importance of these cognitive facets of institutions (see Meyer and Rowan, 1977; Zucker, 1977; DiMaggio and Powell, 1991). The prevalence or density of a form or practice is often employed as an indicator of cognitive legitimacy (Fligstein, 1985; Westphal and Zajac, 1994).'Each of the three elements gives rise to legitimacy, defined as "a condition reflecting cultural alignment, normative support, or consonance with relevant rules or laws" (Scott, 1995: 45),depending on whether the emphasis is on cognitive, normative, or regulatory aspects of institutions. The three institutional elements can apply to different types of organizations (e.g., registration or accreditation may be relevant for one type of organization but not another). Moreover, it is possible for an organization to be judged as legitimate in terms of one set of elements but not another for example, a firm may be accredited by a professional agency but may be found to be in violation of regulatory rules."
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Elemen kognitif adalah aturan yang menentukan apa jenis aktor yang diizinkan untuk ada, apa fitur struktural mereka menunjukkan, prosedur apa yang mereka dapat mengikuti, dan apa makna yang terkait dengan tindakan ini. Oleh karena itu, unsur-unsur kognitif yang lebih mendasar untuk pengoperasian sistem sosial dan memberikan kerangka kerja yang sistem normatif dan regulatif dibangun. The institusionalisme baru telah menekankan pentingnya aspek kognitif ini lembaga (lihat Meyer dan Rowan, 1977; Zucker, 1977; DiMaggio dan Powell, 1991). Prevalensi atau kepadatan dari bentuk atau praktek sering digunakan sebagai indikator legitimasi kognitif (Fligstein, 1985; Westphal dan Zajac, 1994). "Masing-masing dari tiga unsur menimbulkan legitimasi, yang didefinisikan sebagai" suatu kondisi yang mencerminkan keselarasan budaya, dukungan normatif, atau harmoni dengan aturan atau hukum yang relevan "(Scott, 1995: 45), tergantung pada apakah penekanannya pada aspek kognitif, normatif, atau peraturan lembaga. Ketiga unsur kelembagaan dapat berlaku untuk berbagai jenis organisasi (misalnya, pendaftaran atau akreditasi mungkin relevan untuk satu jenis organisasi tetapi tidak lain). Selain itu, adalah mungkin bagi suatu organisasi untuk dinilai sebagai yang sah dalam hal satu set elemen tetapi tidak lain misalnya, sebuah perusahaan dapat diakreditasi oleh badan profesional tetapi dapat ditemukan melanggar aturan regulasi. "


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