Problem StatementProblems concerning water sanitation stem from the ri terjemahan - Problem StatementProblems concerning water sanitation stem from the ri Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Problem StatementProblems concernin

Problem Statement

Problems concerning water sanitation stem from the rise in urban migration and the practice of discharging untreated wastewater. The uncontrolled growth in urban areas has made planning and expansion of water and sewage systems very difficult and expensive to carry out. In addition, many of those moving to the city have low incomes, making it difficult to pay for any water system upgrades.
Industrial development has always been afflicted with the issue of residue disposal, and it has become accepted by all bodies of knowledge that industrial effluents are one of the largest sources of water pollution and one with the most lethal composition of toxins. The most popular and widespread industrial pollutants include:

o A s b e s t o s : It is carcinogenic and its fibres can be inhaled and cause illnesses such as Asbestosis, mesothelioma, lung cancer, intestinal cancer, and liver cancer.

o L e a d : It is non-biodegradable and is hard to get rid of once it has permeated our environment. Lead is harmful as it can inhibit the action of bodily enzymes.

o M e r c u r y : It is also non-biodegradable, and mercury poisoning is a serious health hazard for humans and livestock.
o N i t r a t e s & P h o s p h a t e s : It is one of the most common components in fertilizers and is often washed from the soil and into rivers and lakes. This can cause eutrophication, which can be very problematic to marine environments.
o S u l p h u r : It is extremely harmful for algae and other marine life.

o O i l s : Oil does not dissolve in water; instead it forms a thick layer on the water surface. This can prevent marine plants form receiving enough light for photosynthesis. It is also harmful for fish and marine birds.

o P e t r o c h e m i c a l s : These are formed from gas or petrol and can be toxic to marine life.

Industrial effluents are the major source of toxins for groundwater. Mega industrial parks require an in-plant waste segregation and pretreatments in lieu of a traditional central treatment of the combined park’s wastewater.

Figure 1: Industrial wastewater. Source: Green Arth (2012)

The problem with the current treatment technologies is that they are not sustainable. The conventional centralized system flushes pathogenic bacteria out of the residential area, using large amounts of water, and often combines the domestic wastewater with rainwater, causing the flow of large volumes of pathogenic wastewater. In fact, the conventional sanitary system simply transforms a concentrated domestic health problem into a diffuse health problem for the entire settlement and/or region. In turn, the wastewater must be treated where the cost of treatment increases as the flow increases. The abuse of water use for diluting human excreta and transporting them away from settled areas is increasingly questioned and being considered unsustainable.

Another reason many treatment systems in developing countries are unsustainable and unsuccessful is that they were simply copied from Western treatment systems without considering the appropriateness of the technology for the culture, land, and climate. Often, local engineers educated in Western development programs supported the choice of the inappropriate systems. Many of the implemented installations were later abandoned due to the high cost of running the
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Problem StatementProblems concerning water sanitation stem from the rise in urban migration and the practice of discharging untreated wastewater. The uncontrolled growth in urban areas has made planning and expansion of water and sewage systems very difficult and expensive to carry out. In addition, many of those moving to the city have low incomes, making it difficult to pay for any water system upgrades.Industrial development has always been afflicted with the issue of residue disposal, and it has become accepted by all bodies of knowledge that industrial effluents are one of the largest sources of water pollution and one with the most lethal composition of toxins. The most popular and widespread industrial pollutants include:o A s b e s t o s : It is carcinogenic and its fibres can be inhaled and cause illnesses such as Asbestosis, mesothelioma, lung cancer, intestinal cancer, and liver cancer.o L e a d : It is non-biodegradable and is hard to get rid of once it has permeated our environment. Lead is harmful as it can inhibit the action of bodily enzymes.o M e r c u r y : It is also non-biodegradable, and mercury poisoning is a serious health hazard for humans and livestock.o N i t r a t e s & P h o s p h a t e s : It is one of the most common components in fertilizers and is often washed from the soil and into rivers and lakes. This can cause eutrophication, which can be very problematic to marine environments.o S u l p h u r : It is extremely harmful for algae and other marine life.o O i l s : Oil does not dissolve in water; instead it forms a thick layer on the water surface. This can prevent marine plants form receiving enough light for photosynthesis. It is also harmful for fish and marine birds.o P e t r o c h e m i c a l s : These are formed from gas or petrol and can be toxic to marine life.Industrial effluents are the major source of toxins for groundwater. Mega industrial parks require an in-plant waste segregation and pretreatments in lieu of a traditional central treatment of the combined park’s wastewater.Figure 1: Industrial wastewater. Source: Green Arth (2012)The problem with the current treatment technologies is that they are not sustainable. The conventional centralized system flushes pathogenic bacteria out of the residential area, using large amounts of water, and often combines the domestic wastewater with rainwater, causing the flow of large volumes of pathogenic wastewater. In fact, the conventional sanitary system simply transforms a concentrated domestic health problem into a diffuse health problem for the entire settlement and/or region. In turn, the wastewater must be treated where the cost of treatment increases as the flow increases. The abuse of water use for diluting human excreta and transporting them away from settled areas is increasingly questioned and being considered unsustainable.
Another reason many treatment systems in developing countries are unsustainable and unsuccessful is that they were simply copied from Western treatment systems without considering the appropriateness of the technology for the culture, land, and climate. Often, local engineers educated in Western development programs supported the choice of the inappropriate systems. Many of the implemented installations were later abandoned due to the high cost of running the
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Pernyataan masalah Masalah mengenai stem sanitasi air dari kenaikan migrasi perkotaan dan praktek pemakaian air limbah yang tidak diobati. Pertumbuhan yang tidak terkendali di daerah perkotaan telah membuat perencanaan dan perluasan air dan sistem pembuangan kotoran sangat sulit dan mahal untuk melaksanakan. Selain itu, banyak dari mereka yang pindah ke kota memiliki pendapatan rendah, sehingga sulit untuk membayar untuk setiap upgrade sistem air. Perkembangan industri selalu menderita masalah pembuangan residu, dan itu telah menjadi diterima oleh semua badan pengetahuan yang industri limbah adalah salah satu sumber terbesar pencemaran air dan satu dengan komposisi paling mematikan dari racun. Polutan industri yang paling populer dan tersebar luas meliputi: o sbestos: Ini adalah karsinogenik dan serat yang dapat terhirup dan menyebabkan penyakit seperti Asbestosis, mesothelioma, kanker paru-paru, kanker usus, dan kanker hati. O L ead: Ini adalah non-biodegradable dan sulit untuk menyingkirkan setelah telah meresap lingkungan kita. Timbal berbahaya karena dapat menghambat aksi enzim tubuh. O M ercury: Hal ini juga non-biodegradable, dan keracunan merkuri adalah bahaya kesehatan yang serius bagi manusia dan ternak. O N itrates & P hosphates: Ini adalah salah satu yang paling komponen umum dalam pupuk dan sering dicuci dari tanah dan ke sungai dan danau. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan eutrofikasi, yang bisa sangat bermasalah untuk lingkungan laut. O S ulphur: Hal ini sangat berbahaya bagi alga dan kehidupan laut lainnya. O O ILS: Minyak tidak larut dalam air; bukannya membentuk lapisan tebal pada permukaan air. Hal ini dapat mencegah tumbuhan laut membentuk menerima cukup cahaya untuk fotosintesis. Hal ini juga berbahaya bagi ikan dan kelautan burung. O P etrochemicals: ini terbentuk dari gas atau bensin dan dapat menjadi racun bagi kehidupan laut. Limbah industri adalah sumber utama dari racun bagi tanah. Mega taman industri memerlukan pemilahan sampah dan pretreatments di-tanaman sebagai pengganti pengobatan tradisional pusat air limbah taman gabungan itu. Gambar 1: Industri air limbah. Sumber: Green Arth (2012) Masalah dengan teknologi pengolahan saat ini adalah bahwa mereka tidak berkelanjutan. Sistem terpusat konvensional flushes bakteri patogen dari daerah perumahan, menggunakan air dalam jumlah besar, dan sering menggabungkan air limbah domestik dengan air hujan, yang menyebabkan aliran volume besar air limbah patogen. Bahkan, sistem sanitasi konvensional hanya mengubah masalah kesehatan dalam negeri terkonsentrasi menjadi masalah kesehatan menyebar untuk seluruh pemukiman dan / atau wilayah. Pada gilirannya, air limbah harus diperlakukan mana biaya pengobatan meningkat dengan meningkatnya aliran. Penyalahgunaan penggunaan air untuk mengencerkan kotoran manusia dan mengangkut mereka dari daerah diselesaikan semakin dipertanyakan dan dianggap tidak berkelanjutan. Alasan banyak lain sistem pengolahan di negara-negara berkembang yang tidak berkelanjutan dan berhasil adalah bahwa mereka hanya disalin dari sistem pengolahan Barat tanpa mempertimbangkan kesesuaian dengan teknologi untuk budaya, tanah, dan iklim. Seringkali, insinyur lokal dididik dalam program pembangunan Barat yang mendukung pilihan sistem pantas. Banyak dari instalasi dilaksanakan kemudian ditinggalkan karena tingginya biaya menjalankan























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