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1. IntroductionThis study aims to contribute to research on service failure by analyzing the role of intentionality attribution and humiliation, two variables that have not previously been analyzed in this context, in customers' switching and complaint behavior after a service failure.The theoretical model developed in this study uses attribution theory and the "attributions-affect-behavior" sequence as its foundation. Attributions (inferred causes of service failures) help explain a customer's behavior after a service failure (Weiner, 2000). Stability and controllability are the most common dimensions of attribution for service failures analyzed in the marketing literature. However, the psychology literature supports the relevance of other dimensions of attribution, such as intentionality (to what extent the failure's cause reflects intention) (Lagnado and Channon, 2008; Malle, 2006; Rosset, 2008; Struthers et al. , 2008; Weiner, 2006). Intentionality may also be relevant in the service failure context, as this dimension of attribution could give rise to specific affective and behavioral responses. Therefore, a contribution of this investigation is to analyze whether this attribution dimension (intentionality) has an effect on customers' complaint and switching behavior after a service failure, after accounting for the effects of the traditional dimensions of attribution (stability and controllability).Several theoretical and empirical studies show that the attributional processing provoked by negative and unexpected events acts through the "attributions-affect-behavior" sequence (Oliver, 1997); hence, this investigation aims to shed new light on the role of emotions as mediators in this process. Several investigations analyze the antecedents and consequences of different negative emotions in a service failure context (Bougie et al. , 2003; Kalamas et al. , 2008; Menon and Dubé, 2004), but none consider the specific case of customers' humiliation. This lack of attention toward humiliation in a service failure context is somewhat surprising, as studies on critical incidents show that customers commonly communicate emotions such as humiliation (Grace, 2007; Roos, 1999). Thus, another contribution of this investigation is to examine whether intentionality attributions give rise to humiliation and to what extent this negative emotion enables us to understand a customer's complaint and switching behavior after a service failure.
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