The rules in Regs. §1.882-5 that disregard interbranchborrowings and l terjemahan - The rules in Regs. §1.882-5 that disregard interbranchborrowings and l Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

The rules in Regs. §1.882-5 that di

The rules in Regs. §1.882-5 that disregard interbranch
borrowings and loans are balanced by the rules
that equate the U.S. ratio to the global ratio. If the
U.S. branch funds a third-party loan with an interbranch
borrowing, the interbranch borrowing and the
corresponding interest expense are disregarded, but if
that reduces the U.S. ratio below the global ratio, the
U.S. interest expense deduction is correspondingly increased.
Similarly, if the U.S. branch funds an interbranch
loan by borrowing from a third party, the interbranch
loan and the corresponding interest income
are disregarded, but the ‘‘scaleback’’ rule of Regs.
§1.882-5 correspondingly reduce the bank’s U.S. interest
expense deduction. Indeed, the result of disregarding
interbranch borrowings and loans is on average
favorable to the foreign bank because the interestrate
‘‘spread’’ associated with these transactions is not
taxed by the United States and, if the bank’s home
taxing jurisdiction follows a ‘‘territorial’’ taxation
principle, may not be taxed in the home country either.
19
Because the profits of financial intermediation result
from a paper-thin margin between the rates of interest
on the loans they make and the borrowings that
fund them, even a tiny variation in the ratio of debt to
loans or in the rate used to calculate the interest expense
deduction can have a large impact on the margin
and on the taxable income of the financial intermediary.
For NatWest, the rules of Regs. §1.882-5 so
greatly increased the margins on its U.S. lending business
that it was willing to challenge their application
in court.Notwithstanding the promulgation of Regs.
§1.882-5 in 1980 (interpreting statutory language enacted
as part of the Foreign Investors Tax Act of
1966), NatWest had continued to deduct interest expense
on the U.S. Branch’s interbranch borrowings.
When the Internal Revenue Service (‘‘IRS’’) examined
NatWest’s 1981-1987 returns, it disallowed the
deduction of interbranch interest and re-calculated the
bank’s interest expense deduction under Regs.
§1.882-5. NatWest paid the resulting deficiencies and
sued for refunds on the ground that Regs. §1.882-5
was not consistent with the 1975 income tax treaty between
the United States and the United Kingdom (the
‘‘1975 U.S.-U.K. Treaty’’ or the ‘‘Treaty’’).20
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
The rules in Regs. §1.882-5 that disregard interbranchborrowings and loans are balanced by the rulesthat equate the U.S. ratio to the global ratio. If theU.S. branch funds a third-party loan with an interbranchborrowing, the interbranch borrowing and thecorresponding interest expense are disregarded, but ifthat reduces the U.S. ratio below the global ratio, theU.S. interest expense deduction is correspondingly increased.Similarly, if the U.S. branch funds an interbranchloan by borrowing from a third party, the interbranchloan and the corresponding interest incomeare disregarded, but the ‘‘scaleback’’ rule of Regs.§1.882-5 correspondingly reduce the bank’s U.S. interestexpense deduction. Indeed, the result of disregardinginterbranch borrowings and loans is on averagefavorable to the foreign bank because the interestrate‘‘spread’’ associated with these transactions is nottaxed by the United States and, if the bank’s hometaxing jurisdiction follows a ‘‘territorial’’ taxationprinciple, may not be taxed in the home country either.19Because the profits of financial intermediation resultfrom a paper-thin margin between the rates of intereston the loans they make and the borrowings thatfund them, even a tiny variation in the ratio of debt toloans or in the rate used to calculate the interest expensededuction can have a large impact on the marginand on the taxable income of the financial intermediary.For NatWest, the rules of Regs. §1.882-5 sogreatly increased the margins on its U.S. lending businessthat it was willing to challenge their applicationin court.Notwithstanding the promulgation of Regs.§1.882-5 in 1980 (interpreting statutory language enactedas part of the Foreign Investors Tax Act of1966), NatWest had continued to deduct interest expenseon the U.S. Branch’s interbranch borrowings.When the Internal Revenue Service (‘‘IRS’’) examinedNatWest’s 1981-1987 returns, it disallowed thededuction of interbranch interest and re-calculated thebank’s interest expense deduction under Regs.§1.882-5. NatWest paid the resulting deficiencies andsued for refunds on the ground that Regs. §1.882-5was not consistent with the 1975 income tax treaty betweenthe United States and the United Kingdom (the‘‘1975 U.S.-U.K. Treaty’’ or the ‘‘Treaty’’).20
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Aturan dalam regs. §1.882-5 yang mengabaikan antar kantor
pinjaman dan pinjaman yang seimbang dengan aturan
yang menyamakan rasio AS untuk rasio global. Jika
AS dana cabang pinjaman pihak ketiga dengan antar kantor
pinjaman, pinjaman antar kantor dan
beban bunga yang sesuai diabaikan, tetapi jika
yang mengurangi rasio AS di bawah rasio global,
AS beban bunga pemotongan Sejalan meningkat.
Demikian pula, jika AS dana cabang sebuah antar kantor
pinjaman dengan meminjam dari pihak ketiga, antar kantor
pinjaman dan pendapatan bunga yang sesuai
diabaikan, tapi '' scaleback '' rule of regs.
§1.882-5 Sejalan mengurangi bank AS bunga
beban dikurangi. Memang, hasil mengabaikan
pinjaman antar kantor dan pinjaman adalah rata-rata
menguntungkan bagi bank asing karena interestrate
'' menyebar '' terkait dengan transaksi tersebut tidak
dikenakan pajak oleh Amerika Serikat dan, jika rumah bank
perpajakan yurisdiksi mengikuti '' teritorial '' perpajakan
prinsip, mungkin tidak dikenakan pajak di negara asal baik.
19
Karena keuntungan dari hasil intermediasi keuangan
dari margin kertas-tipis antara tingkat bunga
pada pinjaman mereka membuat dan pinjaman yang
mendanai mereka, bahkan variasi kecil dalam rasio utang terhadap
pinjaman atau di tingkat digunakan untuk menghitung beban bunga
dikurangi dapat memiliki dampak besar pada margin
dan laba kena pajak dari perantara keuangan.
Untuk NatWest, aturan regs. §1.882-5 sehingga
sangat meningkatkan margin pada bisnis kredit AS
bahwa pihaknya bersedia untuk menantang aplikasi mereka
di court.Notwithstanding diundangkannya regs.
§1.882-5 pada tahun 1980 (menafsirkan bahasa hukum diberlakukan
sebagai bagian dari Undang-Undang Pajak Investor Asing dari
1966), NatWest telah terus mengurangi beban bunga
atas pinjaman antar kantor Cabang AS.
Ketika Internal Revenue Service ('' IRS '') diperiksa
NatWest ini 1.981-1.987 kembali, itu dianulir dengan
pemotongan bunga antar kantor dan re-menghitung
bank beban bunga pengurang regs.
§1.882-5. NatWest dibayar kekurangan yang dihasilkan dan
digugat untuk pengembalian uang atas dasar bahwa regs. §1.882-5
tidak konsisten dengan perjanjian pajak penghasilan 1975 antara
Amerika Serikat dan Inggris (yang
'' 1975 US-UK Perjanjian '' atau '' Perjanjian ''). 20
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