What is the Piping Code for Design

What is the Piping Code for Design of piping systems in Process Piping, Power Piping?
- B31.1
- ASME B31.4 & B31.1
- Process Piping : B31.3 ; Power Piping : B31.1
What is the difference between Pipe and Tube?
-Pipe is identified by NB and thickness is defined by Schedule whereas Tube is identified by OD
- tube is with smaller size & thickness than pipe. used for instrument components. or for venting/draining use.
- Thickness…in B36.10 and B36.19 covers the thickness for Pipe..mean while for the Tube….i don’t know ;p
What is NB and OD?
- From the size 14” and onwards NB = OD of pipe.
- NB = normal bore. regular dimension of pipe diameter. OD = outside diameter.
From which size onwards NB of pipe equal to OD?
- From the size 14” and onwards NB = OD of pipe.
- 14″ and above
- (12Inch and Below NB, 14Inch and above OD
Can you remember what is the OD of the following pipe without looking to the book? 1/2 in 3/4 in 1 in 2 in 3 in 4 in 6 in 8 in 10 in 12 in
- 1/2 in (don’t know) 3/4 in (don’t know 1 in (don’t know 2 in (60mm) 3 in (89mm) 4 in (114mm) 6 in(168mm) 8 in (234mm) 10 in (273mm) 12 in (323mm)
When do we use Eccentric Reducer and Concentric Reducer?
- I Eccentric reducers = Pump suction to avoid Cavitation, To maintain elevation (BOP) in rack. ii. Concentric reducers = Pump discharge, vertical pipeline etc
- when we want to avoid liquid or gas trapping inside the flow
- Ecc Red normally used in suction pump and pipe rack. Con Red can be used in vertical Pipe)
Why can’t we use Concentric Reducer at pump suction ? Explain.
- Cause Air pockets may form if concentric reducer is used at pump suction, which results in Cavitation, and cause damage to Pump. To avoid this problem, Eccentric Reducer with Flat Side Up (FSU)is used in Pump Suction
- as answer at no. 6, there will be liquid trap, then this will produce hammer or hard vibration
- the reason is to avoid air trap in suction line)
What is the different between Machine Bolt and Stud Bolt?
- Machine bolt has a head on one side and nut on other side but stud bolt have nuts on both sides.
- guessing…. stud bolt is used to install two flanges. stud bolt can be tightened from two side.
When do we need Dampener, Expansion Joint and Mechanical Snubber? and Why?
- guessing…. dampener & mech snubber are used when calculation meet unstable supporting.
- Expansion Joint can be used in very limited space. Basically it will absorb thermal Expansion of the pipe. Application : Piping around Pump. As my understanding dampener and Snubber is used to reduced the piping vibration (CMIIW)
Do you know the rule of thumb for piping stress analysis around the pump? Please describe
- nope. i know only the design criteria of piping system around pump..
11. Do you know the rule of thumb for piping stress analysis around compressors, turbine and heat exchanger? Please describe.
12. Do you know the rule of thumb for piping stress analysis aroound tower or pressure vessel? Please describe.
- check of piping settlement between header line and tank/vessel nozzle
13. What is Steam Tracing?
- same as heat insulation. to keep the delta temperature inside the pipe.
- steam tracing is a steam line which is used to maintain the temperature of the fluid in the main line. From the steam header, basically we will design distribution manifold for the steam tracing, and after specific distance we have to collect the condensate and provide new steam tracing line for the main line. The condensate can be open or close system. If it is open system then the condensate will be drain-off, if it is close system the condensate will be routed back to condensate header for recycling)
14. Why Full Bore Pipe is using in connecting pipeline of launcher?
- in order to avoid locking-trip of pigging
15. When checking Piping Stress Sketch, what parameter you normaly need to check?
- a. line routing & number b. dimensions & support locations c. design/operating temperature & pressure d. pipe specification e. code & standard
- Pipe properties, des and ope condition, pipe route
16. What Code you normaly use for checking the Nozzle load on Compressors, Turbine, Heat Exchanger, Pump, Air Cooler?
- Do you mean standard ? TurbineàAPI Std 611 = NEMA SM23 Centrifugal CompressoràAPI Std 617 Reciprocating CompressoràAPI Std 618 Air Fin CooleràAPI Std 661 PumpàAPI Std 610
17. What is the ANSI/ASME Code for dimensional Steel Flanges and Fittings?
- ANSI B16.9
- Flange 24Inch and below : ASME B16.5 ; 26inch and larger ASME B16.47 Fittings : ASME B16.11)
18. Name the Flange Facing
- Raised-Face, Flat-Face & Ring-type Joint
- (Rise Face, Flat Face, and Ring Joint).
19. Do you know the flange facing called as AARH?
20. If you would like to make a branch connection, from which side pipe normaly take the branch connection?
- gas, vertical 90deg. liquid, horizontal 90deg
- from top; For liquid àFor gas or vapour from side
21. Control Valve. What kind of support arangement on Control Valve?
- put supports closer to the valve. add guide on both supports. add stopper on one of the supports
- 2 support for control valve, one of them is fix, while the other is slide (can be guided)
22. Why do wee need to provide HPV (High Point Vent) and LPD (Low Point Drain) in Piping?
- to avoid hammer. this usually happening in pocket line
23. Do you know about Weldolet, Sockolet? Please Explain.
- weldolet connects header & branch, welded on the surface, with no pipe branch plug into inside pipe; than that is used in sockolet
- weldolet connects brach and header for buttweld pipe (BE) and the size 2″ and above (common) and sockolet for socket welded pipe (PE) and the size 2″ and under. (pl. correction)
- Weldolet is fitting for Butt End Pipe, while sockolet is fitting for Plain End Pipe ( Brancing )
24. What is the normal upstream and downstream straight length of orifice flow meter?
- 5D – 10D ?
- That’s depend on the Beta ratio of the orifice plate. But normally we used the biggest beta ratio ( more safe ). 20D for downstream and 5D for upstream
25. What is composite flange?
- flange made from non-metal material ?
26. Do you know about Insulated Joint? Pleas explain.
- Insulated joint is used when metallic underground pipe connected to metallic aboveground pipe (connected by flanges). The purpose is to isolate the Cathodic Protection current so that the current is not flowing on above ground metallic pipe.
27. What are insulating gasket kits?
28. Have you done the analysis of Jacketed Piping? What do you normaly need to consider during analysis?
29. What do you need to take into account when performing stress analysis around Tank?
- pipe settlement. (data of land-lowering around tank.)
- The settlement of the ground due to tank weight
30. What is the relation between Brinnell Hardness Number and Rockwell Hardness Number?
31. What is the minimum distance between two welds in a pipe?
- as maximum pipe long per piece ? 6m ?
- the minimum distance is 50mm (2″) after welding. (pl. correction)
- 5times of the Thickness or 50mm which is the larger
32. During fabrication, you observed that one samll crack has appeared on a fresh plate, what type of measure you will take to obtain desired quality with minimum wastage?
33. Describe the different types of destructive and non-destructive tests?
- same as no. 32
- Destructive Test: a) Tensile test, we put axial tensile force to the specimen until it is failure b) hardness test, hard to describe, c) bending test, by using bending machine, we bend the specimen
- Non-Destructive: a) PE, using penetrate liquid b) MT, can be used for magnetic metallic c) RT, Radio graphic Testing d) UT,Ultra sonic test
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34. What is PWHT? Why is it required?
- Post Weld Heat Treatment
- PWHT is a stress relieve process by using heat after the welding activity. It is required because we need to restore the mechanical properties of the pipe to its original state.
35. What is the minimum thickness of pipe that requires stress relieving to be done as per ASME B31.3?
- for carbon steel pipe 19MM, for low alloy pipe 13MM
36. What is NACE MR-0175 for?
- it is a standard that is used for sour service line
37. Hydrotest Pressure. Do you know how to calculate the test Pressure? Please describe.
- for B31.3 pipe, hydrotest pressure = 1.5 x MAOP/MAWP for rating 300 & below. for 400# & above, use 1.5 x design pressure. for B31.8 pipe, HT pressure = 1.1 to 1.5 x design pressure.
38. Do you know heat exchanger? What fluid in Shell Side and what fluid in Tube Side?
- hot gas or fire in shell and steam-water in tube
- On the shell side, there is a cool fluid, Tube side is used for the Hot one.
39. Do you know Glandless Piston Valves. Where these valves are used?
40. Have you done estimation of piping system during proposal? How do you do that?
- by separating first, all line number into critical lines and non-critical ones. then connect all critical lines into a system and made them in amount of calculation numbers.
- basically during Estimation, we received IFP document from the client. If the document is good, then you will get all the information you need, such as piping layout, plot plan, p&id, line list, specification,ect. On the basis of this IFP Document, we Piping Department prepare the BM and The BQ to estimate how much the material cost and how much the construction cost for Piping activity. After this activity has been finished then we also have to prepare MH estimation for this projec