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A third means of categorizing psych

A third means of categorizing psychomotor skills involves classifying person and object motion (fitts & posner 1967; Merri, 1972): The person may perform the skill either at rest or in motion, and the object may either be atrest or in motion. The two conditions of the person and the two conditions of the object are cast in a matrix in figure 15.1. The four cell of the matrix represent four type of motor skills. Bach of these type has different learning and performance concerns. Type I skills, used when both the performer and the object are rest, such as clicking the mouse button on a computer or using a key to open a lock, are concerned primarily with consistency of response,with little need for quickness of ajustment. Type II skills, used when a stable performer work with a movig object, such as aiming at a moving target from a stationary platfrom, are partially dynamic tasks. Type III skill, used when a moving performer is working with a stable object, such as making a slam-dunk shot in basketball, are also partially dynamic tasks. Practice requirements for Type II and Tipe III skills are greater than for Type I skills due to the need to be prepared for the variety of situations that can be encountered. General recommendations include the use of standard, “most probable” situations for initial practice until some competence is developed, such as might be seen in batting practice with a pitching machine. This should occur before encountering the more complex and demanding situations, such as batting to a big league pitcher (singer, 1980). Type IV skills usec when both the performer and the object are in motion such as a spirited volley in badminton or catching a ball while running, involve the most complex dynamic interaction. Learning these skills is generally a long process, involving prior practice at levels II and III.
Cleary, each of the three approaches to categorizing skills sheds a somewhat different light on the nature of psychomotor skill learning and on individual learning task as well. One task may be viewed under each of the three approaches because each way provides new insights into the learning requirements for that task.
As we mentioned previously, in addition to learning to control a muscular movement, psychomotor learning tasks have a cognitive component to them. This component is the psycho-part of the psychomotor combination. Remember that psychomotor skills usualy contain within them a procedural rule that organizes the kind and sequence of actions performed. Thus, we see psychomotor learning as a process involving the acquisition of two basic comonents muscular movents and a procuderal rule.
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A third means of categorizing psychomotor skills involves classifying person and object motion (fitts & posner 1967; Merri, 1972): The person may perform the skill either at rest or in motion, and the object may either be atrest or in motion. The two conditions of the person and the two conditions of the object are cast in a matrix in figure 15.1. The four cell of the matrix represent four type of motor skills. Bach of these type has different learning and performance concerns. Type I skills, used when both the performer and the object are rest, such as clicking the mouse button on a computer or using a key to open a lock, are concerned primarily with consistency of response,with little need for quickness of ajustment. Type II skills, used when a stable performer work with a movig object, such as aiming at a moving target from a stationary platfrom, are partially dynamic tasks. Type III skill, used when a moving performer is working with a stable object, such as making a slam-dunk shot in basketball, are also partially dynamic tasks. Practice requirements for Type II and Tipe III skills are greater than for Type I skills due to the need to be prepared for the variety of situations that can be encountered. General recommendations include the use of standard, “most probable” situations for initial practice until some competence is developed, such as might be seen in batting practice with a pitching machine. This should occur before encountering the more complex and demanding situations, such as batting to a big league pitcher (singer, 1980). Type IV skills usec when both the performer and the object are in motion such as a spirited volley in badminton or catching a ball while running, involve the most complex dynamic interaction. Learning these skills is generally a long process, involving prior practice at levels II and III.Cleary, each of the three approaches to categorizing skills sheds a somewhat different light on the nature of psychomotor skill learning and on individual learning task as well. One task may be viewed under each of the three approaches because each way provides new insights into the learning requirements for that task.As we mentioned previously, in addition to learning to control a muscular movement, psychomotor learning tasks have a cognitive component to them. This component is the psycho-part of the psychomotor combination. Remember that psychomotor skills usualy contain within them a procedural rule that organizes the kind and sequence of actions performed. Thus, we see psychomotor learning as a process involving the acquisition of two basic comonents muscular movents and a procuderal rule.
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Sebuah cara ketiga mengkategorikan keterampilan psikomotor melibatkan mengelompokkan orang dan gerak objek (Fitts & Posner 1967; Merri, 1972): Orang mungkin melakukan keterampilan baik saat istirahat atau bergerak, dan objek baik dapat atrest atau bergerak. Dua kondisi orang tersebut dan dua kondisi objek dilemparkan dalam matriks pada Gambar 15.1. Keempat sel matriks mewakili empat jenis keterampilan motorik. Bach jenis ini memiliki kekhawatiran pembelajaran dan kinerja yang berbeda. Aku keterampilan jenis, digunakan ketika kedua pemain dan objek yang lain, seperti mengklik tombol mouse pada komputer atau menggunakan kunci untuk membuka kunci, prihatin terutama dengan konsistensi respon, dengan sedikit kebutuhan untuk kecepatan dari ajustment. Jenis keterampilan II, digunakan ketika sebuah karya pemain stabil dengan benda movig, seperti bertujuan target bergerak dari platfrom stasioner, adalah tugas sebagian dinamis. Tipe III skill, digunakan ketika pemain bergerak bekerja dengan objek yang stabil, seperti membuat tembakan slam-dunk di basket, juga tugas sebagian dinamis. Persyaratan praktik keterampilan Tipe II dan Tipe III lebih besar dari Jenis keterampilan yang saya karena kebutuhan yang harus disiapkan untuk berbagai situasi yang dapat ditemui. Rekomendasi umum termasuk penggunaan standar, "paling mungkin" situasi untuk latihan awal sampai beberapa kompetensi dikembangkan, seperti yang bisa dilihat dalam latihan memukul dengan mesin pitching. Ini harus terjadi sebelum menghadapi semakin kompleks dan menuntut situasi, seperti batting untuk kendi liga besar (penyanyi, 1980). Keterampilan tipe IV usec ketika kedua pemain dan objek yang bergerak seperti voli bersemangat di bulu tangkis atau menangkap bola sambil berlari, melibatkan interaksi yang dinamis yang paling kompleks. Belajar keterampilan ini umumnya merupakan proses yang panjang, melibatkan latihan sebelumnya di tingkat II dan III.
Cleary, masing-masing tiga pendekatan untuk keterampilan mengkategorikan gudang cahaya agak berbeda pada sifat pembelajaran keterampilan psikomotor dan tugas belajar individu juga. Salah satu tugas dapat dilihat di bawah masing-masing dari tiga pendekatan karena masing-masing cara memberikan wawasan baru ke dalam persyaratan pembelajaran untuk tugas itu.
Seperti yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya, selain belajar untuk mengendalikan gerakan otot, tugas-tugas belajar psikomotor memiliki komponen kognitif mereka. Komponen ini adalah psiko-bagian dari kombinasi psikomotor. Ingat bahwa keterampilan psikomotor biasanya mengandung di dalamnya aturan prosedural yang mengatur jenis dan urutan tindakan yang dilakukan. Dengan demikian, kita melihat belajar psikomotor sebagai proses yang melibatkan akuisisi dua comonents dasar movents otot dan aturan procuderal.
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