On December 21, 1620, the first landing party arrived at the site of w terjemahan - On December 21, 1620, the first landing party arrived at the site of w Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

On December 21, 1620, the first lan

On December 21, 1620, the first landing party arrived at the site of what would later become the settlement of Plymouth. Plans to immediately begin building houses, however, were delayed by inclement weather until December 23. As the building progressed, twenty men always remained ashore for security purposes, while the rest of the work crews returned each night to the Mayflower. Women, children, and the infirm remained on board the Mayflower; many had not left the ship for six months. The first structure, a "common house" of wattle and daub, took two weeks to complete in the harsh New England winter. In the following weeks, the rest of the settlement slowly took shape. The living and working structures were built on the relatively flat top of Cole's Hill, and a wooden platform was constructed to support the cannon that would defend the settlement from nearby Fort Hill.

During the winter, the Mayflower colonists suffered greatly from diseases like scurvy, lack of shelter and general conditions onboard ship.[6] Many of the able-bodied men were too infirm to work; 45 out of 102 immigrants died and were buried on Cole's Hill. Thus, only seven residences (of a planned nineteen) and four common houses were constructed during the first winter.[36] By the end of January, enough of the settlement had been built to begin unloading provisions from the Mayflower. In mid-February, after several tense encounters with local Native Americans, the male residents of the settlement organized themselves into military orders; Myles Standish was designated as the commanding officer. By the end of the month, five cannons had been defensively positioned on Fort Hill.[37] John Carver was elected governor to replace Governor Martin.

On March 16, 1621, the first formal contact with the Indians (or Native Americans) occurred. A Native American named Samoset, originally from Pemaquid Point in modern Maine, walked boldly into the midst of the settlement and proclaimed, "Welcome, Englishmen!" He had learned some English from interacting with English fishermen and trappers (most probably from Bristol) operating in the region.[38] It was during this meeting that the Pilgrims found out that the previous residents of the Native American village, Patuxet, had died of an epidemic thought to be smallpox. They also discovered that the supreme leader of the region was a Wampanoag Native American sachem (chief) by the name of Massasoit;[39] and they learned of the existence of Squanto—also known by his full Massachusett name of Tisquantum—a Native American originally from Patuxet. Squanto had spent time in Europe and spoke English quite well. Samoset spent the night in Plymouth and agreed to arrange a meeting with some of Massasoit's men.[40]

Massasoit and Squanto were apprehensive about the Pilgrims. In Massasoit's first contact with the English, several men of his tribe had been killed in an unprovoked attack by English sailors. He also knew of the Pilgrims' theft of the corn stores in their landings at Provincetown.[41] Squanto had been abducted in 1614 by the English explorer Thomas Hunt and had spent five years in Europe, first as a slave for a group of Spanish monks, then in England. He had returned to New England in 1619, acting as a guide to the explorer Capt. Robert Gorges. Massasoit and his men had massacred the crew of the ship and had taken in Squanto.[42][43]

Samoset returned to Plymouth on March 22 with a delegation from Massasoit that included Squanto; Massasoit joined them shortly thereafter. After an exchange of gifts, Massasoit and Governor Carver established a formal treaty of peace. This treaty ensured that each people would not bring harm to the other, that Massasoit would send his allies to make peaceful negotiations with Plymouth, and that they would come to each other's aid in a time of war.[44]

On April 5, 1621, after being anchored for almost four months in Plymouth Harbor, the Mayflower set sail for England.[45] Nearly half of the original 102 passengers had died during the first winter.[46] As William Bradford wrote, "of these one hundred persons who came over in this first ship together, the greatest half died in the general mortality, and most of them in two or three months' time".[47] By November 1621, only 53 pilgrims were alive to celebrate the harvest feast which modern Americans know as "The First Thanksgiving."[48] Of the 18 adult women, 13 died the first winter while another died in May. Only four adult women were left alive for the Thanksgiving.[49]

Several of the graves on Cole's Hill were uncovered in 1855; their bodies were disinterred and moved to a site near Plymouth Rock.
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On December 21, 1620, the first landing party arrived at the site of what would later become the settlement of Plymouth. Plans to immediately begin building houses, however, were delayed by inclement weather until December 23. As the building progressed, twenty men always remained ashore for security purposes, while the rest of the work crews returned each night to the Mayflower. Women, children, and the infirm remained on board the Mayflower; many had not left the ship for six months. The first structure, a "common house" of wattle and daub, took two weeks to complete in the harsh New England winter. In the following weeks, the rest of the settlement slowly took shape. The living and working structures were built on the relatively flat top of Cole's Hill, and a wooden platform was constructed to support the cannon that would defend the settlement from nearby Fort Hill.During the winter, the Mayflower colonists suffered greatly from diseases like scurvy, lack of shelter and general conditions onboard ship.[6] Many of the able-bodied men were too infirm to work; 45 out of 102 immigrants died and were buried on Cole's Hill. Thus, only seven residences (of a planned nineteen) and four common houses were constructed during the first winter.[36] By the end of January, enough of the settlement had been built to begin unloading provisions from the Mayflower. In mid-February, after several tense encounters with local Native Americans, the male residents of the settlement organized themselves into military orders; Myles Standish was designated as the commanding officer. By the end of the month, five cannons had been defensively positioned on Fort Hill.[37] John Carver was elected governor to replace Governor Martin.On March 16, 1621, the first formal contact with the Indians (or Native Americans) occurred. A Native American named Samoset, originally from Pemaquid Point in modern Maine, walked boldly into the midst of the settlement and proclaimed, "Welcome, Englishmen!" He had learned some English from interacting with English fishermen and trappers (most probably from Bristol) operating in the region.[38] It was during this meeting that the Pilgrims found out that the previous residents of the Native American village, Patuxet, had died of an epidemic thought to be smallpox. They also discovered that the supreme leader of the region was a Wampanoag Native American sachem (chief) by the name of Massasoit;[39] and they learned of the existence of Squanto—also known by his full Massachusett name of Tisquantum—a Native American originally from Patuxet. Squanto had spent time in Europe and spoke English quite well. Samoset spent the night in Plymouth and agreed to arrange a meeting with some of Massasoit's men.[40]Massasoit and Squanto were apprehensive about the Pilgrims. In Massasoit's first contact with the English, several men of his tribe had been killed in an unprovoked attack by English sailors. He also knew of the Pilgrims' theft of the corn stores in their landings at Provincetown.[41] Squanto had been abducted in 1614 by the English explorer Thomas Hunt and had spent five years in Europe, first as a slave for a group of Spanish monks, then in England. He had returned to New England in 1619, acting as a guide to the explorer Capt. Robert Gorges. Massasoit and his men had massacred the crew of the ship and had taken in Squanto.[42][43]Samoset returned to Plymouth on March 22 with a delegation from Massasoit that included Squanto; Massasoit joined them shortly thereafter. After an exchange of gifts, Massasoit and Governor Carver established a formal treaty of peace. This treaty ensured that each people would not bring harm to the other, that Massasoit would send his allies to make peaceful negotiations with Plymouth, and that they would come to each other's aid in a time of war.[44]On April 5, 1621, after being anchored for almost four months in Plymouth Harbor, the Mayflower set sail for England.[45] Nearly half of the original 102 passengers had died during the first winter.[46] As William Bradford wrote, "of these one hundred persons who came over in this first ship together, the greatest half died in the general mortality, and most of them in two or three months' time".[47] By November 1621, only 53 pilgrims were alive to celebrate the harvest feast which modern Americans know as "The First Thanksgiving."[48] Of the 18 adult women, 13 died the first winter while another died in May. Only four adult women were left alive for the Thanksgiving.[49]Several of the graves on Cole's Hill were uncovered in 1855; their bodies were disinterred and moved to a site near Plymouth Rock.
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Pada 21 Desember 1620, pihak mendarat pertama kali tiba di lokasi yang nantinya akan menjadi penyelesaian Plymouth. Rencana untuk segera mulai membangun rumah, namun, tertunda oleh cuaca buruk sampai 23 Desember Sebagai bangunan berkembang, dua puluh orang selalu tetap darat untuk tujuan keamanan, sedangkan sisanya dari kru kerja kembali setiap malam ke Mayflower. Wanita, anak-anak, dan lemah tetap di papan Mayflower; banyak tidak meninggalkan kapal selama enam bulan. Struktur pertama, "rumah bersama" pial dan memulaskan, mengambil dua minggu untuk menyelesaikan di keras New England musim dingin. Dalam minggu-minggu berikutnya, sisa pemukiman perlahan mengambil bentuk. Hidup dan bekerja struktur yang dibangun di atas yang relatif datar Cole Hill, dan platform kayu dibangun untuk mendukung meriam yang akan membela penyelesaian dari dekat Fort Hill. Selama musim dingin, para penjajah Mayflower sangat menderita dari penyakit seperti penyakit kudis, . kurangnya tempat tinggal dan kondisi umum di kapal [6] Banyak dari orang-orang berbadan sehat terlalu lemah untuk bekerja; 45 dari 102 imigran meninggal dan dikuburkan di Cole Hill. Dengan demikian, hanya tujuh tempat tinggal (dari yang direncanakan sembilan belas) dan empat rumah umum yang dibangun selama musim dingin pertama. [36] Pada akhir Januari, cukup pemukiman telah dibangun untuk mulai bongkar ketentuan dari Mayflower. Pada pertengahan Februari, setelah beberapa pertemuan tegang dengan penduduk asli Amerika setempat, penduduk laki-laki dari pemukiman mengorganisir diri ke dalam perintah militer; Myles Standish ditunjuk sebagai komandan. Pada akhir bulan, lima meriam telah membela diposisikan di Fort Hill. [37] John Carver terpilih sebagai gubernur untuk menggantikan Gubernur Martin. Pada tanggal 16 Maret 1621, kontak resmi pertama dengan India (atau penduduk asli Amerika) terjadi. Seorang penduduk asli Amerika bernama Samoset, berasal dari Pemaquid Point di Maine modern, berjalan dengan berani ke tengah-tengah pemukiman dan menyatakan, "Selamat datang, orang Inggris!" Dia telah belajar sedikit bahasa Inggris dari berinteraksi dengan nelayan Inggris dan penjerat (paling mungkin dari Bristol) yang beroperasi di wilayah tersebut. [38] Ia selama pertemuan ini bahwa peziarah menemukan bahwa penduduk sebelumnya desa penduduk asli Amerika, Patuxet, telah meninggal epidemi dianggap cacar. Mereka juga menemukan bahwa pemimpin tertinggi daerah adalah kepala suku Wampanoag asli Amerika (kepala) dengan nama Massasoit; [39] dan mereka belajar dari keberadaan Squanto-juga dikenal dengan nama Massachusett penuh dari Tisquantum-penduduk asli Amerika berasal dari Patuxet. Squanto telah menghabiskan waktu di Eropa dan berbicara bahasa Inggris cukup baik. Samoset menghabiskan malam di Plymouth dan setuju untuk mengatur pertemuan dengan beberapa pria Massasoit itu. [40] Massasoit dan Squanto khawatir tentang Pilgrim. Dalam kontak pertama Massasoit dengan Inggris, beberapa pria dari sukunya telah tewas dalam serangan tak beralasan oleh pelaut Inggris. Dia juga tahu pencurian Pilgrim 'toko jagung di pendaratan mereka di Provincetown. [41] Squanto telah diculik pada tahun 1614 oleh Inggris explorer Thomas Hunt dan telah menghabiskan lima tahun di Eropa, pertama sebagai budak untuk sekelompok Spanyol biarawan, kemudian di Inggris. Dia telah kembali ke New England pada tahun 1619, bertindak sebagai panduan untuk explorer Kapten. Robert Gorges. Massasoit dan anak buahnya telah membantai awak kapal dan telah mengambil di Squanto [42] [43]. Samoset kembali ke Plymouth pada 22 Maret dengan delegasi dari Massasoit yang termasuk Squanto; Massasoit bergabung dengan mereka segera sesudahnya. Setelah pertukaran hadiah, Massasoit dan Gubernur Carver membentuk perjanjian perdamaian yang formal. Perjanjian ini memastikan bahwa setiap orang tidak akan membawa kerugian bagi yang lain, yang Massasoit akan mengirim sekutu-sekutunya untuk membuat negosiasi damai dengan Plymouth, dan bahwa mereka akan datang untuk membantu satu sama lain dalam waktu perang. [44] Pada April 5, 1621 , setelah berlabuh selama hampir empat bulan di Plymouth Harbor, Mayflower berlayar untuk Inggris. [45] Hampir setengah dari aslinya 102 penumpang telah meninggal selama musim dingin pertama. [46] Sebagai William Bradford menulis, "ini seratus orang yang datang dalam kapal pertama ini bersama-sama, setengah terbesar tewas dalam kematian umum, dan sebagian besar dari mereka dalam waktu dua atau tiga bulan ". [47] Pada bulan November 1621, hanya 53 jamaah masih hidup untuk merayakan pesta panen yang moderen Amerika tahu sebagai "The First Thanksgiving." [48] Dari 18 wanita dewasa, 13 meninggal musim dingin pertama sementara yang lain meninggal pada bulan Mei. Hanya empat wanita dewasa yang masih hidup untuk Thanksgiving [49]. Beberapa kuburan di Cole Bukit yang ditemukan pada tahun 1855; tubuh mereka disinterred dan pindah ke sebuah situs dekat Plymouth Rock.











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