Fourth, we use several indicators of bank stability. We use anindicato terjemahan - Fourth, we use several indicators of bank stability. We use anindicato Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Fourth, we use several indicators o

Fourth, we use several indicators of bank stability. We use an
indicator of maturity matching – the ratio of liquid assets to depos-
it and short-term funding to assess the sensitivity to bank runs.
The liquidity ratio varies from zero to almost 900%, with a mean
of 48.9%. We do not find any significant difference between Islamic
and conventional banks. Further, we use the
z
-score as measure of
bank stability; this indicates the distance from insolvency, combin-
ing accounting measures of profitability, leverage and volatility,
which has been widely used in the recent literature.
9
Specifically,
if we define insolvency as a state where losses surmount equity
(E <

p
) (where E is equity,
p
is profits, A is total assets, ROA =
p
/A
is return on assets and CAR = E/A is the capital-asset ratio) the prob-
ability of insolvency can be expressed as prob(

ROA < CAR). If prof-
its are assumed to follow a normal distribution, it can be shown that
z = (ROA + CAR)/SD(ROA) is the inverse of the probability of insol-
vency.
10
Specifically,
z
indicates the number of standard deviations
that a bank’s return on assets has to drop below its expected value
before equity is depleted and the bank is insolvent (see
Roy, 1952;
Hannan and Henwick, 1988; Boyd et al., 1993
;
De Nicoló, 2000
).
Thus, a higher z-score indicates that the bank is more stable. The
z-score varies from four to 75 in our sample, with an average of
29. Islamic banks have a significantly lower z-score, suggesting that
they are closer to insolvency than conventional
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
Fourth, we use several indicators of bank stability. We use anindicator of maturity matching – the ratio of liquid assets to depos-it and short-term funding to assess the sensitivity to bank runs.The liquidity ratio varies from zero to almost 900%, with a meanof 48.9%. We do not find any significant difference between Islamicand conventional banks. Further, we use thez-score as measure ofbank stability; this indicates the distance from insolvency, combin-ing accounting measures of profitability, leverage and volatility,which has been widely used in the recent literature.9Specifically,if we define insolvency as a state where losses surmount equity(E <p) (where E is equity,pis profits, A is total assets, ROA =p/Ais return on assets and CAR = E/A is the capital-asset ratio) the prob-ability of insolvency can be expressed as prob(ROA < CAR). If prof-its are assumed to follow a normal distribution, it can be shown thatz = (ROA + CAR)/SD(ROA) is the inverse of the probability of insol-vency.10Specifically,zindicates the number of standard deviationsthat a bank’s return on assets has to drop below its expected valuebefore equity is depleted and the bank is insolvent (seeRoy, 1952;Hannan and Henwick, 1988; Boyd et al., 1993;De Nicoló, 2000).Thus, a higher z-score indicates that the bank is more stable. Thez-score varies from four to 75 in our sample, with an average of29. Islamic banks have a significantly lower z-score, suggesting thatthey are closer to insolvency than conventional
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Keempat, kita menggunakan beberapa indikator stabilitas perbankan. Kami menggunakan
indikator yang cocok jatuh tempo - rasio aset likuid untuk depos-
dan pendanaan jangka pendek untuk menilai sensitivitas untuk bank runs.
Rasio likuiditas bervariasi dari nol sampai hampir 900%, dengan rata-rata
48,9%. Kami tidak menemukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara Islam
bank dan konvensional. Selanjutnya, kita menggunakan
z
-score sebagai ukuran
stabilitas perbankan; ini menunjukkan jarak dari kepailitan, Menggabungkan
ing ukuran akuntansi profitabilitas, leverage dan volatilitas,
yang telah banyak digunakan dalam literatur terbaru.
9
Secara khusus,
jika kita mendefinisikan kepailitan sebagai negara di mana kerugian mengatasi ekuitas
(E <
?
p
) ( di mana E adalah ekuitas,
p
adalah keuntungan, A adalah total aset, ROA =
p
/ A
adalah pengembalian aset dan CAR = E / A adalah rasio modal-aset) yang prob-
kemampuan kepailitan dapat dinyatakan sebagai prob (
?
ROA <CAR). Jika prof-
yang diasumsikan mengikuti distribusi normal, dapat ditunjukkan bahwa
z = (ROA + CAR) / SD (ROA) adalah kebalikan dari probabilitas insol-
vency.
10
Secara khusus,
z
menunjukkan jumlah deviasi standar
bahwa kembali bank atas aset harus turun di bawah nilai yang diharapkan
sebelum ekuitas habis dan bank bangkrut (lihat
Roy, 1952;
Hannan dan Henwick, 1988;. Boyd et al, 1993
;
De Nicolo, 2000
).
dengan demikian, lebih tinggi z-skor menunjukkan bahwa bank lebih stabil. The
z-skor bervariasi dari empat sampai 75 dalam sampel kami, dengan rata-rata
29. Bank syariah memiliki signifikan lebih rendah z-skor, menunjukkan bahwa
mereka lebih dekat dengan kebangkrutan daripada konvensional
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