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OVERVIEW OF CT OPERATIONThe components that produce x-ray beams are housed in the gantry. The x-ray tube contains filaments that provide the electrons that create x-ray beams. This is accomplished by heating the filament until electrons start to boil off and break away from the filament. The generator produces high voltage or KV and transmits it to the x-ray tube. This high voltage propelled is referred to as tube current and is measured in one thousandth of an ampere, which is referred to as miliamperes (mA). The electrons then strike the rotating anode target and disarrange the electrons in the target material. The result is the production of heat and x-ray photons. In an effort to spread the heat over a larger area, the target rotates. Increasing the voltage increases the energy with which the electrons strike the target and the intensity of the x-ray beam.The ability of the tube to withstand the resultant heat is called its head capacity. The ability of the tube to rid itself of the heat is referred to as its heat dissipation. The length and frequency of scans are determined in part by the tube’s heat capacity and dissipation rate.The x-ray beam that pass through the pastient strike the detector. If the detector is made from a solid-state scintillator material, the energy of the x-ray beams stopped will be turned into light. Other elements in the detectors, usually a photodiose, convert the light levels into an electric current. If the detector is of the xenon gas. These ions are accelerated by the high voltage on the detector plates.Regardless of the detector material, each detector cell is sampled many times, as many as 1000 times per second, by the data acquisition system (DAS). Analog-to-digital converters in the DAS are used to convert the electric signal to a digital format. Each complete sample is called a view. The digital data from the DAS are then transmitted to the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU is often referred to as he brain of the CT scanner.The reconstruction processor is often an array processor with multiple parallel channels that takes the individual views and reconstructs the densities within the slice. To create an image, informationfrom the DAS must be translated into a matrix. To do so, the system assigns each pixel in the matrix one value or density number. This density number, or Hounsfield Unit (HU), is the average of all measurements for that pixel. These digitized data are then sent to a display processor that converts them into television shades of gray. The resulting image is then displayed on the cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitor.Although there is wide variation in the design of scanners, there are some characteristics than they share. The CT process can be broken down into three segments: data aquistion and image reconstruction aspects of image formation. Displaying the image is iscussed in (gambar)
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