2 Both monocotyledons and dicotyled

2 Both monocotyledons and dicotyledons and have specially developed,
elongated, thick-walled fi bres, in suitable places, which assist in mechanical
support. Alternatively, they have especially thick-walled, generally elongated
parenchyma cells (also sometimes called prosenchyma); or, in those
primary parts of the stem where growth in length is continuing, collenchyma
cells may be present. Although there are only a few common ways
in which specialized mechanical supporting cells are arranged in the stem,
leaf or root, it is the variations on these themes which are of particular interest
to those who have to identify small fragments of plants, or make comparative,
taxonomic studies. The variations will be dealt with in detail in
the chapters dealing with each organ. Obviously, to be effective the mechanical
system must be economical in materials, and the cells must not be
arranged in such a way as to hinder or impede the essential physiological
functions of the organs.
The mechanical systems develop with the early growth of the seedling.
Whilst turgid cells are the only means of support at fi rst, collenchyma may
rapidly become established, particularly in dicotyledonous plants. This tissue
is concentrated in the outer part of the cortex, and is frequently associated
with the midrib of the leaf blade, and the petiole.
Collenchyma is essentially the strengthening tissue of primary organs,
or those undergoing their phase of growth in length. The cells making up
this tissue have thickened cellulosic walls at their angles, are rich in pectin
and are often found with chloroplasts in their living protoplasts.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

2 ini dan memasukkan maupun dikotiledon dan memiliki khusus dikembangkan,bres fi memanjang, berdinding tebal, di tempat yang cocok, yang membantu dalam mekanikdukungan. Selain itu, mereka memiliki terutama berdinding tebal, umumnya memanjangsel-sel parenchyma (juga kadang-kadang disebut prosenchyma); atau, merekaBagian-bagian utama batang dimana pertumbuhan panjang terus, collenchymasel-sel dapat hadir. Meskipun ada hanya beberapa cara yang umumdi mana sel-sel khusus pendukung mekanis disusun dalam batang,daun atau akar, itu adalah variasi pada tema-tema yang menarikbagi mereka yang harus mengidentifikasi fragmen kecil tanaman, atau membuat perbandingan,taksonomi studi. Variasi akan ditangani secara rinci dalamBab-bab yang berurusan dengan setiap organ. Jelas, agar efektif mekaniksistem harus ekonomis dalam bahan, dan sel-sel tidak bolehdiatur sedemikian rupa untuk menghambat atau menghambat esensial fisiologisfungsi organ.Sistem mekanis yang berkembang dengan pertumbuhan awal bibit.Sementara sel-sel yang muluk-muluk satu-satunya cara dukungan di fi rst, collenchyma dapatdengan cepat menjadi mapan, khususnya pada tanaman dikotil. Jaringan initerkonsentrasi di bagian luar korteks, dan sering dikaitkandengan pelepah daun pisau, dan tangkai daun.Collenchyma adalah pada dasarnya memperkuat jaringan organ utama,atau mereka mengalami mereka fase pertumbuhan panjang. Sel-sel yang membuatJaringan ini telah menebal selulosa dinding di sudut mereka, kaya dalam pektindan sering ditemui dengan kloroplas protoplasts hidup mereka.