PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGIC FACTORS INFLUENCING THE IMMUNE RESPONSEForm of A terjemahan - PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGIC FACTORS INFLUENCING THE IMMUNE RESPONSEForm of A Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGIC FACTORS INFLU

PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGIC FACTORS INFLUENCING THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
Form of Antigen and Route of Administration
Insoluble antigens are easily processed by macrophages, large aggregates favor the generation of an Immunerespone.small,soluble antigens can not be processed by antigen-presenting cells and generate a tolerogenic effect.
Intramuscular and subcutaneous administration of antigen susually elicits an immune response by favoring antigen uptake and presentation by Langehans cells.Incontrast,inhalation,oral,or intravenous administration often fails to generate an immuneresponse
Maturity of the Antigen-Presenting Celll
In tissues and lymph nodes, DCs are present as “immature,” partially differentiated cells. These cells can capture and present the antigen in the context of class II molecules but lack the costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2, which normally engage CD28 receptors on T cells T cells interacting with immature DCs become anergic. AnergicT cells cannot proliferate or espondto antigen stimulation.
In contrast, mature DCs in tissue express class I or class II molecules as well as costimulatory molecules. They are efficient in presenting antigens to T cells within the lymph node.
AntigenConcentration
When the antigen is administered over a wide concentration range, only intermediate concentrations induce an immune response. High doses paralyze the immune system by inactivating B cells. Low doses or subimmunogenic doses administered over an extended period inactivate T cells
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FAKTOR-FAKTOR FISIK DAN BIOLOGIS YANG MEMPENGARUHI RESPON IMUNBentuk Antigen dan rute administrasiLarut antigen mudah diproses oleh makrofag, agregat besar mendukung generasi Immunerespone.small,soluble antigen tidak dapat diproses oleh menyajikan antigen sel dan menghasilkan efek tolerogenic.Intramuskular dan subkutan administrasi antigen susually memunculkan respon imun oleh memihak antigen penyerapan dan presentasi oleh sel-sel Langehans. Incontrast, inhalasi, oral atau intravena administrasi sering gagal untuk menghasilkan immuneresponseKematangan menyajikan Antigen CelllDalam jaringan dan kelenjar getah bening, DCs hadir sebagai "belum matang," sebagian dibedakan sel. Sel-sel ini dapat menangkap dan menyajikan antigen dalam konteks kelas II molekul tetapi kekurangan molekul costimulatory B7-1 dan B7-2, yang biasanya terlibat CD28 reseptor pada sel sel T T berinteraksi dengan dewasa DCs menjadi anergic. Sel-sel AnergicT tidak bisa berkembang biak atau espondto antigen stimulasi.Sebaliknya, matang DCs di jaringan express kelas I atau kelas II molekul seperti molekul costimulatory. Mereka efisien dalam menyajikan antigen untuk sel T dalam kelenjar getah bening.AntigenConcentrationKetika antigen dikelola Rentang lebar konsentrasi, hanya menengah konsentrasi menginduksi respon imun. Dosis tinggi melumpuhkan sistem kekebalan tubuh oleh inactivating sel B. Dosis rendah atau dosis subimmunogenic yang diberikan selama jangka menonaktifkan sel T
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