Over the next 50 years, the situation changed dramatically. By 1952, t terjemahan - Over the next 50 years, the situation changed dramatically. By 1952, t Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Over the next 50 years, the situati

Over the next 50 years, the situation changed dramatically. By 1952, the
federal government accounted for 69% of total government spending, while
local and state governments accounted for 20% and 11% respectively. In addition,
10% of state and local revenue now came from federal grants. This
change was largely due to three factors. The first was the Sixteenth Amendment
to the Constitution (enacted in 1913), which allowed the federal government
to levy income taxes on individual citizens (before this amendment,
the Constitution had basically forbidden such taxation), thus providing a centralized
source of revenue. The second factor in the growth of the federal
government was the New Deal programs of the 1930s, which were the federal
government’s response to the Great Depression. These programs initiated a
number of federal government projects that fundamentally changed the relationship
between the federal government and state and local governments.
Federal grants to lower governments ballooned, and many of the new programs,
like the Works Progress (later Work Projects) Administration (WPA)
and highway programs, were funded by the federal government but administered
locally. The third factor in the growth of federal government was the
introduction of large social insurance and welfare programs by the federal
government, most notably the Social Security old -age income support program
and the system of matching grants to encourage states to provide assistance
to the elderly, blind, and disabled.
The share of spending done at the local, state, and federal levels has
remained fairly constant over the past 50 years. There has been a growth in the
share of state financing coming from the federal government, largely due to
the introduction in the 1960s of jointly federal - and state -financed welfare
programs such as cash welfare and public Medicaid insurance for the poor.
Federal grants now account for 24% of state and local revenues.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
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Over the next 50 years, the situation changed dramatically. By 1952, thefederal government accounted for 69% of total government spending, whilelocal and state governments accounted for 20% and 11% respectively. In addition,10% of state and local revenue now came from federal grants. Thischange was largely due to three factors. The first was the Sixteenth Amendmentto the Constitution (enacted in 1913), which allowed the federal governmentto levy income taxes on individual citizens (before this amendment,the Constitution had basically forbidden such taxation), thus providing a centralizedsource of revenue. The second factor in the growth of the federalgovernment was the New Deal programs of the 1930s, which were the federalgovernment’s response to the Great Depression. These programs initiated anumber of federal government projects that fundamentally changed the relationshipbetween the federal government and state and local governments.Federal grants to lower governments ballooned, and many of the new programs,like the Works Progress (later Work Projects) Administration (WPA)and highway programs, were funded by the federal government but administeredlocally. The third factor in the growth of federal government was theintroduction of large social insurance and welfare programs by the federalgovernment, most notably the Social Security old -age income support programand the system of matching grants to encourage states to provide assistanceto the elderly, blind, and disabled.The share of spending done at the local, state, and federal levels hasremained fairly constant over the past 50 years. There has been a growth in theshare of state financing coming from the federal government, largely due tothe introduction in the 1960s of jointly federal - and state -financed welfareprograms such as cash welfare and public Medicaid insurance for the poor.Federal grants now account for 24% of state and local revenues.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Selama 50 tahun ke depan, situasi berubah secara dramatis. Dengan 1952,
pemerintah federal menyumbang 69% dari total pengeluaran pemerintah, sementara
pemerintah daerah dan negara menyumbang 20% dan 11% masing-masing. Selain itu,
10% dari penerimaan negara dan lokal sekarang berasal dari hibah federal. Ini
perubahan terutama disebabkan oleh tiga faktor. Yang pertama adalah keenambelas Amandemen
Konstitusi (berlaku pada tahun 1913), yang memungkinkan pemerintah federal
untuk memungut pajak penghasilan atas warga negara (sebelum amandemen ini,
Konstitusi telah dasarnya dilarang pajak tersebut), sehingga memberikan terpusat
sumber pendapatan. Faktor kedua dalam pertumbuhan federal
pemerintah adalah program New Deal dari tahun 1930-an, yang federal
respon pemerintah terhadap Depresi Besar. Program-program ini memulai
sejumlah proyek pemerintah federal yang secara mendasar mengubah hubungan
antara pemerintah federal dan negara bagian dan pemerintah daerah.
Hibah federal untuk menurunkan pemerintah menggelembung, dan banyak program baru,
seperti Pekerjaan Progress (Proyek Kerja kemudian) Administrasi (WPA )
dan jalan raya program, yang didanai oleh pemerintah federal tetapi dikelola
secara lokal. Faktor ketiga dalam pertumbuhan pemerintah federal adalah
pengenalan program asuransi sosial dan kesejahteraan besar oleh federal
pemerintah, terutama berusia program dukungan pendapatan -age Jamsostek
dan sistem pencocokan hibah untuk mendorong negara-negara untuk memberikan bantuan
kepada orang tua , buta, dan cacat.
Pangsa pengeluaran dilakukan pada, negara, dan tingkat federal yang lokal telah
tetap cukup konstan selama 50 tahun terakhir. Telah ada pertumbuhan di
pangsa pembiayaan negara yang berasal dari pemerintah federal, terutama karena
pengenalan pada tahun 1960 dari pemerintah federal bersama-sama - dan negara -financed kesejahteraan
program seperti kesejahteraan kas dan asuransi Medicaid publik bagi masyarakat miskin.
Hibah federal sekarang account untuk 24% dari pendapatan negara dan lokal.
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