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Earthquakesthe most deadly natural hazardsEarthquakes. Being the most deadly natural hazards. Strike without any prior warning, leaving catastrophe in their wake with terrible loss of human lives as well as economic loss.Technically, an earthquakes (also known as tremor, quake or temblor) is a kind of vibration through earth's crust. These powerful movements trigger a rapid release of energy that creates seismic waves that travel through the earth. Earthquakes are usually brief, but may repeat over a long period of time(earth science 2001).Earthquakes are classified as large and small. Large earthquakes usually begin with slight tremors but rapidly take form of violent shock. The vibrations from a large earthquake last for few days known as aftershocks. Small earthquakes are usually slight tremors and do not cause much damage. Large earthquakes are known to take down buildings and cause death and injury (richter 1935). According to some statictics, there may be an average of 500,000 earthquakes every year but only about 100,000 can be felt and about 100 or so can cause damage each year. The study of earthquakes is called seismology. Seismology studies the frequency, type and size of earthquakes. Earthquakes are measured using observation by seismometers. The magnitude of an earthquakes and its intensity is recorded on a numerical scale known as Richter scale. On this scale, 3 or less is hardly noticeable. Earthquakes with magnitude of more than 6.5 can cause heavy damage.Efek dari gempa bumi terkuat di daerah yang dekat dengan pusat gempa. Sejauh mana getaran gempa bumi dan kerusakan lebih lanjut ke wilayah sebagian bergantung pada fitur tanah. Kemungkinan kerusakan terburuk terjadi di wilayah padat yang mana struktur tidak dibangun untuk menahan gemetar intens. Kerusakan dan kerugian kehidupan yang dikeluarkan selama gempa bumi adalah karena jatuh bangunan dan terbang kaca dan benda-benda. Di area tertentu, gempa bumi dapat menyebabkan tanah longsor yang dapat mengubur daerah-daerah di bawah ini. Kuat laut gempa menyebabkan tsunami atau rantai gelombang bergerak cepat di Samudera yang riak ke luar dari Episentrum gempa menuju daerah pesisir yang menyebabkan kerusakan surmountable (http / /: www.USGS.Org). Pada rata-rata, 1, 000 gempa dengan intensitas 5.0 atau lebih besar yang direkam setiap tahun.
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