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iLocker Lookz Looks for Higher Sale
iLocker Lookz Looks for Higher Sales
Texas entrepreneurs Christi Sterling and JoAnn Brewer started Locker Lookz in 2008 with
$50,000 in personal savings and an idea based on their daughters’ interest in personalizing
their school lockers. Shopping for fun accessories before the start of school, the mothers
and their daughters found very little ready-made for dressing up a locker, in stores or
online. Eventually, they bought materials at local craft stores to create wallpaper and carpeting
for the girls’ lockers. When friends started asking where they could buy these decorations,
“We had a light-bulb moment,” Brewer says. “There’s a real need for something
that’s cute, easy, and one-stop shopping.”
The co-founders designed a limited line of locker decorations, all styled for middleschool
tastes, and priced at $10 and up. Next, they connected with a sales expert who specializes
in distributing products through local and national retailers. With his help, Sterling
and Brewer arranged for overseas manufacturers to produce the items, found a packager
to ready the products for retail display, and completed a successful sales test in several
dozen stores. Soon, JCPenney and Hallmark were placing orders, followed by Learning
Express and other retail chains.
By mid-2011, more than 1,200 stores were signed up to carry Locker Lookz accessories
for the back-to-school selling season. Now Sterling and Brewer had a few weeks to
raise $1 million to pay for manufacturing and shipping the goods from factories in China
to stores across the United States. Just in time, they raised cash from relatives and from
a church investment group. The containers filled with Locker Lookz merchandise arrived
on schedule, and soon the co-founders began crisscrossing the country to publicize their
expanding product line.
Today, Locker Lookz is an entrepreneurial multimillion-dollar company facing increased
competition from other firms that see locker decor as a profitable business opportunity.
Although the preferences of preteen girls can change rapidly and without warning, Brewer
and Sterling are paying close attention to fashion trends and asking their daughters’ advice
about new product ideas. How much room does Locker Lookz have to grow?1
As is in the case of Christie Sterling’s and JoAnn Brewer’s Locker Lookz, most
businesses start small and those that survive usually stay small. They provide a
solid foundation for our economy—as employers, as suppliers and purchasers
of goods and services, and as taxpayers.
In this chapter, we do not take small businesses for granted. Instead, we look
closely at this important business sector—beginning with a definition of small business,
a description of industries that often attract small businesses, and a profile of
some of the people who start small businesses. Next, we consider the importance of
small businesses in our economy. We also present the advantages and disadvantages
of smallness in business. We then describe services provided by the Small Business
Administration, a government agency formed to assist owners and managers of small
businesses. We conclude the chapter with a discussion of the pros and cons of franchising,
an approach to small-business ownership that has become very popular in the
last 50 years.
134
Small Business: A Profile
The Small Business Administration (SBA) defines a small business as “one which is
independently owned and operated for profit and is not dominant in its field.” How
small must a firm be not to dominate its field? That depends on the particular industry
it is in. The SBA has developed the following specific “smallness” guidelines for the
various industries, as shown in Table 5.1.2 The SBA periodically revises and simplifies
its small-business size regulations.
Annual sales in millions of dollars may not seem very small. However, for many
firms, profit is only a small percentage of total sales. Thus, a firm may earn only
$40,000 or $50,000 on yearly sales of $1 million—and that is small in comparison
with the profits earned by most medium-sized and large firms. Moreover, most small
firms have annual sales well below the maximum limits in the SBA guidelines.
Small businesses are very important to the U.S. economy. For example, small
businesses
• represent 99.7 percent of all employer firms;
• employ about half of all private sector employees;
• pay 43 percent of total U.S. private payroll;
• have generated 65 percent of net new jobs over the past 17 years;
• create more than half of the nonfarm private GDP;
• hire 43 percent of high-tech workers (scientists, engineers, computer programmers,
and others);
• are 52 percent home-based and 2 percent franchises;
• made up 97.5 percent of all identified exporters and produced 31 percent of export
value in FY 2008; and
• produced 16.5 times more patents per employee than large patenting firms.3
The Small-Business Sector
In the United States, it typically takes less than a week and $500 to establish a business
as a legal entity. The steps include registering the name of the business, applying for
Industry Group-Size Standards
Small-business size standards are usually stated in number of employees or average
annual sales. In the United States, 99.7 percent of all businesses are considered small.
Industry Group Size Standard
Manufacturing, mining industries 500 employees
Wholesale trade 100 employees
Agriculture $750,000
Retail trade $7 million
General and heavy construction (except
dredging)
$33.5 million
Dredging $20 million
Special trade contractors $14 million
Travel agencies $3.5 million (commissions
and other income)
Business and personal services except $7 million
• A rchitectural, engineering, surveying, and
mapping services
$4.5 million
• Dry cleaning and carpet cleaning services $4.5 million
135
Texas entrepreneurs Christi Sterling and JoAnn Brewer started Locker Lookz in 2008 with
$50,000 in personal savings and an idea based on their daughters’ interest in personalizing
their school lockers. Shopping for fun accessories before the start of school, the mothers
and their daughters found very little ready-made for dressing up a locker, in stores or
online. Eventually, they bought materials at local craft stores to create wallpaper and carpeting
for the girls’ lockers. When friends started asking where they could buy these decorations,
“We had a light-bulb moment,” Brewer says. “There’s a real need for something
that’s cute, easy, and one-stop shopping.”
The co-founders designed a limited line of locker decorations, all styled for middleschool
tastes, and priced at $10 and up. Next, they connected with a sales expert who specializes
in distributing products through local and national retailers. With his help, Sterling
and Brewer arranged for overseas manufacturers to produce the items, found a packager
to ready the products for retail display, and completed a successful sales test in several
dozen stores. Soon, JCPenney and Hallmark were placing orders, followed by Learning
Express and other retail chains.
By mid-2011, more than 1,200 stores were signed up to carry Locker Lookz accessories
for the back-to-school selling season. Now Sterling and Brewer had a few weeks to
raise $1 million to pay for manufacturing and shipping the goods from factories in China
to stores across the United States. Just in time, they raised cash from relatives and from
a church investment group. The containers filled with Locker Lookz merchandise arrived
on schedule, and soon the co-founders began crisscrossing the country to publicize their
expanding product line.
Today, Locker Lookz is an entrepreneurial multimillion-dollar company facing increased
competition from other firms that see locker decor as a profitable business opportunity.
Although the preferences of preteen girls can change rapidly and without warning, Brewer
and Sterling are paying close attention to fashion trends and asking their daughters’ advice
about new product ideas. How much room does Locker Lookz have to grow?1
As is in the case of Christie Sterling’s and JoAnn Brewer’s Locker Lookz, most
businesses start small and those that survive usually stay small. They provide a
solid foundation for our economy—as employers, as suppliers and purchasers
of goods and services, and as taxpayers.
In this chapter, we do not take small businesses for granted. Instead, we look
closely at this important business sector—beginning with a definition of small business,
a description of industries that often attract small businesses, and a profile of
some of the people who start small businesses. Next, we consider the importance of
small businesses in our economy. We also present the advantages and disadvantages
of smallness in business. We then describe services provided by the Small Business
Administration, a government agency formed to assist owners and managers of small
businesses. We conclude the chapter with a discussion of the pros and cons of franchising,
an approach to small-business ownership that has become very popular in the
last 50 years.
134
Small Business: A Profile
The Small Business Administration (SBA) defines a small business as “one which is
independently owned and operated for profit and is not dominant in its field.” How
small must a firm be not to dominate its field? That depends on the particular industry
it is in. The SBA has developed the following specific “smallness” guidelines for the
various industries, as shown in Table 5.1.2 The SBA periodically revises and simplifies
its small-business size regulations.
Annual sales in millions of dollars may not seem very small. However, for many
firms, profit is only a small percentage of total sales. Thus, a firm may earn only
$40,000 or $50,000 on yearly sales of $1 million—and that is small in comparison
with the profits earned by most medium-sized and large firms. Moreover, most small
firms have annual sales well below the maximum limits in the SBA guidelines.
Small businesses are very important to the U.S. economy. For example, small
businesses
• represent 99.7 percent of all employer firms;
• employ about half of all private sector employees;
• pay 43 percent of total U.S. private payroll;
• have generated 65 percent of net new jobs over the past 17 years;
• create more than half of the nonfarm private GDP;
• hire 43 percent of high-tech workers (scientists, engineers, computer programmers,
and others);
• are 52 percent home-based and 2 percent franchises;
• made up 97.5 percent of all identified exporters and produced 31 percent of export
value in FY 2008; and
• produced 16.5 times more patents per employee than large patenting firms.3
The Small-Business Sector
In the United States, it typically takes less than a week and $500 to establish a business
as a legal entity. The steps include registering the name of the business, applying for
Industry Group-Size Standards
Small-business size standards are usually stated in number of employees or average
annual sales. In the United States, 99.7 percent of all businesses are considered small.
Industry Group Size Standard
Manufacturing, mining industries 500 employees
Wholesale trade 100 employees
Agriculture $750,000
Retail trade $7 million
General and heavy construction (except
dredging)
$33.5 million
Dredging $20 million
Special trade contractors $14 million
Travel agencies $3.5 million (commissions
and other income)
Business and personal services except $7 million
• A rchitectural, engineering, surveying, and
mapping services
$4.5 million
• Dry cleaning and carpet cleaning services $4.5 million
135
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iLocker Lookz Looks for Higher SalesTexas entrepreneurs Christi Sterling and JoAnn Brewer started Locker Lookz in 2008 with$50,000 in personal savings and an idea based on their daughters’ interest in personalizingtheir school lockers. Shopping for fun accessories before the start of school, the mothersand their daughters found very little ready-made for dressing up a locker, in stores oronline. Eventually, they bought materials at local craft stores to create wallpaper and carpetingfor the girls’ lockers. When friends started asking where they could buy these decorations,“We had a light-bulb moment,” Brewer says. “There’s a real need for somethingthat’s cute, easy, and one-stop shopping.”The co-founders designed a limited line of locker decorations, all styled for middleschooltastes, and priced at $10 and up. Next, they connected with a sales expert who specializesin distributing products through local and national retailers. With his help, Sterlingand Brewer arranged for overseas manufacturers to produce the items, found a packagerto ready the products for retail display, and completed a successful sales test in severaldozen stores. Soon, JCPenney and Hallmark were placing orders, followed by LearningExpress and other retail chains.By mid-2011, more than 1,200 stores were signed up to carry Locker Lookz accessoriesfor the back-to-school selling season. Now Sterling and Brewer had a few weeks toraise $1 million to pay for manufacturing and shipping the goods from factories in Chinato stores across the United States. Just in time, they raised cash from relatives and froma church investment group. The containers filled with Locker Lookz merchandise arrivedon schedule, and soon the co-founders began crisscrossing the country to publicize theirexpanding product line.Today, Locker Lookz is an entrepreneurial multimillion-dollar company facing increasedcompetition from other firms that see locker decor as a profitable business opportunity.Although the preferences of preteen girls can change rapidly and without warning, Brewerand Sterling are paying close attention to fashion trends and asking their daughters’ adviceabout new product ideas. How much room does Locker Lookz have to grow?1As is in the case of Christie Sterling’s and JoAnn Brewer’s Locker Lookz, mostbusinesses start small and those that survive usually stay small. They provide asolid foundation for our economy—as employers, as suppliers and purchasersof goods and services, and as taxpayers.In this chapter, we do not take small businesses for granted. Instead, we lookclosely at this important business sector—beginning with a definition of small business,a description of industries that often attract small businesses, and a profile ofsome of the people who start small businesses. Next, we consider the importance ofsmall businesses in our economy. We also present the advantages and disadvantagesof smallness in business. We then describe services provided by the Small BusinessAdministration, a government agency formed to assist owners and managers of smallbusinesses. We conclude the chapter with a discussion of the pros and cons of franchising,an approach to small-business ownership that has become very popular in thelast 50 years.134Small Business: A ProfileThe Small Business Administration (SBA) defines a small business as “one which isindependently owned and operated for profit and is not dominant in its field.” Howsmall must a firm be not to dominate its field? That depends on the particular industryit is in. The SBA has developed the following specific “smallness” guidelines for thevarious industries, as shown in Table 5.1.2 The SBA periodically revises and simplifiesits small-business size regulations.Annual sales in millions of dollars may not seem very small. However, for manyfirms, profit is only a small percentage of total sales. Thus, a firm may earn only$40,000 or $50,000 on yearly sales of $1 million—and that is small in comparisonwith the profits earned by most medium-sized and large firms. Moreover, most smallfirms have annual sales well below the maximum limits in the SBA guidelines.Small businesses are very important to the U.S. economy. For example, smallbusinesses• represent 99.7 percent of all employer firms;• employ about half of all private sector employees;• pay 43 percent of total U.S. private payroll;• have generated 65 percent of net new jobs over the past 17 years;• create more than half of the nonfarm private GDP;• hire 43 percent of high-tech workers (scientists, engineers, computer programmers,and others);• are 52 percent home-based and 2 percent franchises;• made up 97.5 percent of all identified exporters and produced 31 percent of exportvalue in FY 2008; and• produced 16.5 times more patents per employee than large patenting firms.3The Small-Business SectorIn the United States, it typically takes less than a week and $500 to establish a businessas a legal entity. The steps include registering the name of the business, applying forIndustry Group-Size StandardsSmall-business size standards are usually stated in number of employees or averageannual sales. In the United States, 99.7 percent of all businesses are considered small.Industry Group Size StandardManufacturing, mining industries 500 employeesWholesale trade 100 employeesAgriculture $750,000Retail trade $7 millionGeneral and heavy construction (exceptdredging)$33.5 millionDredging $20 millionSpecial trade contractors $14 millionTravel agencies $3.5 million (commissionsand other income)Business and personal services except $7 million• A rchitectural, engineering, surveying, andmapping services$4.5 million• Dry cleaning and carpet cleaning services $4.5 million135
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
iLocker Lookz Tampak untuk Higher Penjualan
Texas pengusaha Christi Sterling dan JoAnn Brewer mulai Locker Lookz pada tahun 2008 dengan
$ 50.000 dalam tabungan pribadi dan ide berdasarkan kepentingan anak perempuan mereka dalam personalisasi
loker sekolah mereka. Belanja untuk aksesori menyenangkan sebelum dimulainya sekolah, ibu
dan anak perempuan mereka menemukan sangat sedikit siap pakai untuk berdandan loker, di toko atau
online. Akhirnya, mereka membeli bahan di toko kerajinan lokal untuk membuat wallpaper dan karpet
untuk loker gadis-gadis '. Ketika teman-teman mulai bertanya di mana mereka bisa membeli dekorasi ini,
"Kami memiliki momen bohlam," kata Brewer. "Ada kebutuhan nyata untuk sesuatu
yang lucu, mudah, dan one-stop shopping."
The co-pendiri dirancang baris terbatas dekorasi loker, semua ditata untuk middleschool
selera, dan harga $ 10 dan up. Berikutnya, mereka terhubung dengan ahli penjualan yang mengkhususkan diri
dalam mendistribusikan produk melalui pengecer lokal dan nasional. Dengan bantuannya, Sterling
dan Brewer diatur untuk produsen luar negeri untuk memproduksi barang-barang, menemukan packager yang
untuk siap produk untuk tampilan ritel, dan menyelesaikan tes penjualan yang sukses di beberapa
lusin toko. Segera, JCPenney dan Hallmark yang menempatkan pesanan, diikuti oleh Learning
Express dan rantai ritel lainnya.
Pada pertengahan 2011, lebih dari 1.200 toko yang mendaftar untuk membawa aksesoris Locker Lookz
untuk musim penjualan back-to-sekolah. Sekarang Sterling dan Brewer memiliki beberapa minggu untuk
meningkatkan $ 1 juta untuk membayar untuk pembuatan dan pengiriman barang dari pabrik-pabrik di Cina
ke toko-toko di seluruh Amerika Serikat. Hanya dalam waktu, mereka mengangkat kas dari kerabat dan dari
kelompok investasi gereja. Wadah diisi dengan Locker Lookz barang tiba
sesuai jadwal, dan segera co-pendiri mulai malang-melintang negeri untuk mempublikasikan mereka
memperluas lini produk.
Hari ini, Locker Lookz adalah sebuah perusahaan bernilai jutaan dolar kewirausahaan menghadapi meningkatnya
kompetisi dari perusahaan lain yang melihat dekorasi loker sebagai peluang bisnis yang menguntungkan.
Meskipun preferensi gadis praremaja dapat berubah dengan cepat dan tanpa peringatan, Brewer
dan Sterling membayar perhatian dekat dengan tren fashion dan meminta saran putri mereka
tentang ide-ide produk baru. Berapa banyak kamar tidak Locker Lookz harus tumbuh? 1
Seperti dalam kasus Christie Sterling dan JoAnn Brewer Locker Lookz, kebanyakan
usaha mulai dari kecil dan orang-orang yang bertahan hidup biasanya tinggal kecil. Mereka menyediakan
dasar yang kuat untuk ekonomi sebagai pengusaha kita, sebagai pemasok dan pembeli
barang dan jasa, dan sebagai pembayar pajak.
Dalam bab ini, kita tidak mengambil usaha kecil untuk diberikan. Sebaliknya, kita melihat
secara dekat bisnis ini sektor-awal yang penting dengan definisi usaha kecil,
deskripsi industri yang sering menarik usaha kecil, dan profil dari
beberapa orang yang memulai usaha kecil. Berikutnya, kita mempertimbangkan pentingnya
usaha kecil dalam perekonomian kita. Kami juga menyajikan keuntungan dan kerugian
dari kekerdilan dalam bisnis. Kami kemudian menjelaskan layanan yang diberikan oleh Usaha Kecil
Administrasi, sebuah badan pemerintah yang dibentuk untuk membantu pemilik dan manajer dari kecil
bisnis. Kami menyimpulkan bab dengan pembahasan pro dan kontra dari waralaba,
pendekatan untuk kepemilikan usaha kecil yang telah menjadi sangat populer dalam
50 tahun terakhir.
134 Usaha Kecil: Sebuah Profil The Small Business Administration (SBA) mendefinisikan usaha kecil sebagai "salah satu yang independen dimiliki dan dioperasikan untuk keuntungan dan tidak dominan di bidangnya." Bagaimana kecil harus suatu perusahaan menjadi tidak mendominasi lapangan? Yang tergantung pada industri tertentu itu dalam. SBA telah mengembangkan spesifik "kekerdilan" pedoman berikut untuk berbagai industri, seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Tabel 5.1.2 SBA berkala merevisi dan menyederhanakan peraturan ukuran-bisnis kecil. Nya penjualan tahunan dalam jutaan dolar mungkin tidak tampak sangat kecil. Namun, bagi banyak perusahaan, laba adalah hanya sebagian kecil dari total penjualan. Dengan demikian, perusahaan bisa mendapatkan hanya $ 40,000 atau $ 50.000 pada penjualan tahunan sebesar $ 1 juta-dan yang kecil dibandingkan dengan keuntungan yang diperoleh oleh sebagian besar perusahaan menengah dan besar. Selain itu, sebagian kecil perusahaan memiliki penjualan tahunan jauh di bawah batas maksimum dalam pedoman SBA. Usaha kecil sangat penting untuk ekonomi AS. Misalnya, kecil bisnis • mewakili 99,7 persen dari semua perusahaan pemberi kerja; • mempekerjakan sekitar setengah dari semua karyawan swasta; • membayar 43 persen dari jumlah keseluruhan sebesar US gaji swasta; • telah dihasilkan 65 persen dari pekerjaan baru bersih selama 17 tahun terakhir; • membuat lebih dari setengah dari PDB swasta non pertanian; • menyewa 43 persen pekerja teknologi tinggi (ilmuwan, insinyur, programer komputer, dan lain-lain); • adalah 52 persen rumahan dan 2 persen waralaba; • terdiri 97,5 persen dari semua diidentifikasi eksportir dan diproduksi 31 persen dari ekspor nilai dalam TA 2008; dan • menghasilkan 16,5 kali lebih paten per karyawan dari paten besar firms.3 Sektor Kecil-Bisnis Di Amerika Serikat, biasanya membutuhkan waktu kurang dari seminggu dan $ 500 untuk mendirikan bisnis sebagai badan hukum. Langkah-langkah termasuk mendaftarkan nama bisnis, melamar Industry Group-Size Standar Ukuran kecil-bisnis standar biasanya dinyatakan dalam jumlah karyawan atau rata-rata penjualan tahunan. Di Amerika Serikat, 99,7 persen dari semua bisnis dianggap kecil. Industry Group Ukuran Standar Manufacturing, industri pertambangan 500 karyawan Grosir perdagangan 100 karyawan Pertanian $ 750.000 perdagangan eceran $ 7.000.000 Umum dan berat konstruksi (kecuali pengerukan) $ 33.500.000 Pengerukan $ 20.000.000 kontraktor perdagangan khusus $ 14.000.000 Agen Perjalanan $ 3.500.000 (komisi dan pendapatan lainnya) Bisnis dan jasa pribadi kecuali $ 7.000.000 • A rchitectural, teknik, survei, dan layanan pemetaan $ 4.500.000 • kering pembersih dan pembersih karpet jasa $ 4.500.000 135
Texas pengusaha Christi Sterling dan JoAnn Brewer mulai Locker Lookz pada tahun 2008 dengan
$ 50.000 dalam tabungan pribadi dan ide berdasarkan kepentingan anak perempuan mereka dalam personalisasi
loker sekolah mereka. Belanja untuk aksesori menyenangkan sebelum dimulainya sekolah, ibu
dan anak perempuan mereka menemukan sangat sedikit siap pakai untuk berdandan loker, di toko atau
online. Akhirnya, mereka membeli bahan di toko kerajinan lokal untuk membuat wallpaper dan karpet
untuk loker gadis-gadis '. Ketika teman-teman mulai bertanya di mana mereka bisa membeli dekorasi ini,
"Kami memiliki momen bohlam," kata Brewer. "Ada kebutuhan nyata untuk sesuatu
yang lucu, mudah, dan one-stop shopping."
The co-pendiri dirancang baris terbatas dekorasi loker, semua ditata untuk middleschool
selera, dan harga $ 10 dan up. Berikutnya, mereka terhubung dengan ahli penjualan yang mengkhususkan diri
dalam mendistribusikan produk melalui pengecer lokal dan nasional. Dengan bantuannya, Sterling
dan Brewer diatur untuk produsen luar negeri untuk memproduksi barang-barang, menemukan packager yang
untuk siap produk untuk tampilan ritel, dan menyelesaikan tes penjualan yang sukses di beberapa
lusin toko. Segera, JCPenney dan Hallmark yang menempatkan pesanan, diikuti oleh Learning
Express dan rantai ritel lainnya.
Pada pertengahan 2011, lebih dari 1.200 toko yang mendaftar untuk membawa aksesoris Locker Lookz
untuk musim penjualan back-to-sekolah. Sekarang Sterling dan Brewer memiliki beberapa minggu untuk
meningkatkan $ 1 juta untuk membayar untuk pembuatan dan pengiriman barang dari pabrik-pabrik di Cina
ke toko-toko di seluruh Amerika Serikat. Hanya dalam waktu, mereka mengangkat kas dari kerabat dan dari
kelompok investasi gereja. Wadah diisi dengan Locker Lookz barang tiba
sesuai jadwal, dan segera co-pendiri mulai malang-melintang negeri untuk mempublikasikan mereka
memperluas lini produk.
Hari ini, Locker Lookz adalah sebuah perusahaan bernilai jutaan dolar kewirausahaan menghadapi meningkatnya
kompetisi dari perusahaan lain yang melihat dekorasi loker sebagai peluang bisnis yang menguntungkan.
Meskipun preferensi gadis praremaja dapat berubah dengan cepat dan tanpa peringatan, Brewer
dan Sterling membayar perhatian dekat dengan tren fashion dan meminta saran putri mereka
tentang ide-ide produk baru. Berapa banyak kamar tidak Locker Lookz harus tumbuh? 1
Seperti dalam kasus Christie Sterling dan JoAnn Brewer Locker Lookz, kebanyakan
usaha mulai dari kecil dan orang-orang yang bertahan hidup biasanya tinggal kecil. Mereka menyediakan
dasar yang kuat untuk ekonomi sebagai pengusaha kita, sebagai pemasok dan pembeli
barang dan jasa, dan sebagai pembayar pajak.
Dalam bab ini, kita tidak mengambil usaha kecil untuk diberikan. Sebaliknya, kita melihat
secara dekat bisnis ini sektor-awal yang penting dengan definisi usaha kecil,
deskripsi industri yang sering menarik usaha kecil, dan profil dari
beberapa orang yang memulai usaha kecil. Berikutnya, kita mempertimbangkan pentingnya
usaha kecil dalam perekonomian kita. Kami juga menyajikan keuntungan dan kerugian
dari kekerdilan dalam bisnis. Kami kemudian menjelaskan layanan yang diberikan oleh Usaha Kecil
Administrasi, sebuah badan pemerintah yang dibentuk untuk membantu pemilik dan manajer dari kecil
bisnis. Kami menyimpulkan bab dengan pembahasan pro dan kontra dari waralaba,
pendekatan untuk kepemilikan usaha kecil yang telah menjadi sangat populer dalam
50 tahun terakhir.
134 Usaha Kecil: Sebuah Profil The Small Business Administration (SBA) mendefinisikan usaha kecil sebagai "salah satu yang independen dimiliki dan dioperasikan untuk keuntungan dan tidak dominan di bidangnya." Bagaimana kecil harus suatu perusahaan menjadi tidak mendominasi lapangan? Yang tergantung pada industri tertentu itu dalam. SBA telah mengembangkan spesifik "kekerdilan" pedoman berikut untuk berbagai industri, seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Tabel 5.1.2 SBA berkala merevisi dan menyederhanakan peraturan ukuran-bisnis kecil. Nya penjualan tahunan dalam jutaan dolar mungkin tidak tampak sangat kecil. Namun, bagi banyak perusahaan, laba adalah hanya sebagian kecil dari total penjualan. Dengan demikian, perusahaan bisa mendapatkan hanya $ 40,000 atau $ 50.000 pada penjualan tahunan sebesar $ 1 juta-dan yang kecil dibandingkan dengan keuntungan yang diperoleh oleh sebagian besar perusahaan menengah dan besar. Selain itu, sebagian kecil perusahaan memiliki penjualan tahunan jauh di bawah batas maksimum dalam pedoman SBA. Usaha kecil sangat penting untuk ekonomi AS. Misalnya, kecil bisnis • mewakili 99,7 persen dari semua perusahaan pemberi kerja; • mempekerjakan sekitar setengah dari semua karyawan swasta; • membayar 43 persen dari jumlah keseluruhan sebesar US gaji swasta; • telah dihasilkan 65 persen dari pekerjaan baru bersih selama 17 tahun terakhir; • membuat lebih dari setengah dari PDB swasta non pertanian; • menyewa 43 persen pekerja teknologi tinggi (ilmuwan, insinyur, programer komputer, dan lain-lain); • adalah 52 persen rumahan dan 2 persen waralaba; • terdiri 97,5 persen dari semua diidentifikasi eksportir dan diproduksi 31 persen dari ekspor nilai dalam TA 2008; dan • menghasilkan 16,5 kali lebih paten per karyawan dari paten besar firms.3 Sektor Kecil-Bisnis Di Amerika Serikat, biasanya membutuhkan waktu kurang dari seminggu dan $ 500 untuk mendirikan bisnis sebagai badan hukum. Langkah-langkah termasuk mendaftarkan nama bisnis, melamar Industry Group-Size Standar Ukuran kecil-bisnis standar biasanya dinyatakan dalam jumlah karyawan atau rata-rata penjualan tahunan. Di Amerika Serikat, 99,7 persen dari semua bisnis dianggap kecil. Industry Group Ukuran Standar Manufacturing, industri pertambangan 500 karyawan Grosir perdagangan 100 karyawan Pertanian $ 750.000 perdagangan eceran $ 7.000.000 Umum dan berat konstruksi (kecuali pengerukan) $ 33.500.000 Pengerukan $ 20.000.000 kontraktor perdagangan khusus $ 14.000.000 Agen Perjalanan $ 3.500.000 (komisi dan pendapatan lainnya) Bisnis dan jasa pribadi kecuali $ 7.000.000 • A rchitectural, teknik, survei, dan layanan pemetaan $ 4.500.000 • kering pembersih dan pembersih karpet jasa $ 4.500.000 135
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