Another promising stream of research that examines how System 2 thinki terjemahan - Another promising stream of research that examines how System 2 thinki Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Another promising stream of researc

Another promising stream of research that examines how System 2 thinking can
be leveraged to reduce System 1 errors has shown that analogical reasoning can be used
to reduce bounds on people’s awareness (see Bazerman and Chugh 2005 for more on
bounded awareness). Building on the work of Thompson, Gentner, and Loewenstein
(2000), both Idson, Chugh, Bereby-Meyer, Moran, Grosskopf, and Bazerman (2004) and
Moran, Ritov, and Bazerman (2008) found that individuals who were encouraged to see
and understand the common principle underlying a set of seemingly unrelated tasks
subsequently demonstrated an improved ability to discover solutions in a different task
that relied on the same underlying principle. This work is consistent with Thompson et
al.’s (2000) observation that surface details of learning opportunities often distract us
from seeing important underlying, generalizable principles. Analogical reasoning
appears to offer hope for overcoming this barrier to decision improvement.

Work on joint-versus-separate decision making also suggests that people can
move from suboptimal System 1 thinking toward improved System 2 thinking when they
consider and choose between multiple options simultaneously rather than accepting or
rejecting options separately. For example, Bazerman, White and Loewenstein (1995)
find evidence that people display more bounded self-interest (Jolls, Sunstein, and Thaler,
1998) – focusing on their outcomes relative to those of others rather than optimizing their
own outcomes – when assessing one option at a time than when considering multiple
options side by side. Bazerman, Loewenstein and White (1992) have also demonstrated
that people exhibit less willpower when they weigh choices separately rather than jointly.
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Another promising stream of research that examines how System 2 thinking canbe leveraged to reduce System 1 errors has shown that analogical reasoning can be usedto reduce bounds on people’s awareness (see Bazerman and Chugh 2005 for more onbounded awareness). Building on the work of Thompson, Gentner, and Loewenstein(2000), both Idson, Chugh, Bereby-Meyer, Moran, Grosskopf, and Bazerman (2004) andMoran, Ritov, and Bazerman (2008) found that individuals who were encouraged to seeand understand the common principle underlying a set of seemingly unrelated taskssubsequently demonstrated an improved ability to discover solutions in a different taskthat relied on the same underlying principle. This work is consistent with Thompson etal.’s (2000) observation that surface details of learning opportunities often distract usfrom seeing important underlying, generalizable principles. Analogical reasoningappears to offer hope for overcoming this barrier to decision improvement.Work on joint-versus-separate decision making also suggests that people canmove from suboptimal System 1 thinking toward improved System 2 thinking when theyconsider and choose between multiple options simultaneously rather than accepting orrejecting options separately. For example, Bazerman, White and Loewenstein (1995)find evidence that people display more bounded self-interest (Jolls, Sunstein, and Thaler,1998) – focusing on their outcomes relative to those of others rather than optimizing theirown outcomes – when assessing one option at a time than when considering multipleoptions side by side. Bazerman, Loewenstein and White (1992) have also demonstratedthat people exhibit less willpower when they weigh choices separately rather than jointly.
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Aliran menjanjikan lain dari penelitian yang meneliti bagaimana sistem 2 pemikiran dapat
dimanfaatkan untuk mengurangi Sistem 1 kesalahan telah menunjukkan bahwa penalaran analogis dapat digunakan
untuk mengurangi batas pada kesadaran masyarakat (lihat Bazerman dan Chugh 2005 untuk lebih lanjut tentang
kesadaran dibatasi). Bangunan pada karya Thompson, Gentner, dan Loewenstein
(2000), keduanya Idson, Chugh, Bereby-Meyer, Moran, Grosskopf, dan Bazerman (2004) dan
Moran, Ritov, dan Bazerman (2008) menemukan bahwa individu yang didorong untuk melihat
dan memahami prinsip umum yang mendasari serangkaian tugas yang tampaknya tidak berhubungan
kemudian menunjukkan kemampuan lebih baik untuk menemukan solusi dalam tugas yang berbeda
yang bergantung pada prinsip dasar yang sama. Karya ini konsisten dengan Thompson et
al. (2000) pengamatan bahwa permukaan rincian kesempatan belajar sering mengalihkan perhatian kita
dari melihat yang mendasari, prinsip digeneralisasikan penting. Penalaran analogis
muncul untuk menawarkan harapan untuk mengatasi hambatan ini untuk perbaikan keputusan. Bekerja pada pengambilan keputusan bersama-versus-terpisah juga menunjukkan bahwa orang dapat berpindah dari Sistem suboptimal 1 berpikir ke arah perbaikan sistem 2 berpikir ketika mereka mempertimbangkan dan memilih antara beberapa pilihan bersamaan daripada menerima atau menolak opsi secara terpisah. Sebagai contoh, Bazerman, Putih dan Loewenstein (1995) menemukan bukti bahwa orang-orang menampilkan lebih dibatasi kepentingan (Jolls, Sunstein, dan Thaler, 1998) - fokus pada hasil mereka relatif terhadap orang lain daripada mengoptimalkan mereka hasil sendiri - ketika menilai salah satu pilihan pada waktu daripada ketika mempertimbangkan beberapa pilihan berdampingan. Bazerman, Loewenstein dan Putih (1992) juga menunjukkan bahwa orang-orang menunjukkan sedikit kemauan ketika mereka menimbang pilihan secara terpisah daripada bersama-sama.









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