This crude drug is the fruiting bod

This crude drug is the fruiting body of Tremella fuciformis Berk. (family: Tremellaceae).


[Plant morphology]
The fruiting body is lily-white, gelatinous and translucent, composed of numerous wide and thin segments. It is soft when fresh and shrivelled when dry. The basidium is subsphaeroidal and longitudinally septate; the spore is colourless, smooth and approximately spherical.


[Distribution]
This species is distributed in Sichuan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui, Taiwan, Hubei, Hainan, Hunan, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Tibet in China.


[Gathering and processing]
The fruiting body is harvested in the spring or autumn, washed and dried in the sun.


[Characteristics]
The fruiting body consists of several to 10-odd thin and much-rumpled segments; it is 3-15cm in diameter, white or approximately yellow, smooth and lustrous, resembling a chrysanthemum, a peony or an embroidered ball. It has a yellowish brown base. It is cutinized, hard and brittle. It expands and becomes gelatinous when soaked in water. This crude drug has a weak smell and a bland taste.

[Ecology]
It is grows in broad-leaved tree’s corruption wood in summer.

[Chemical composition]
It contains polysaccharide TP-1, glycoprotein TP, cell wall polysaccha, glucuronoxylomannan, TP, TSP, TF-B and TF-C, neutral polysacc, acidic heteroglycans AC，BC, TF-A, TF-B, TF-C. Lipid composition(The sterols): ergosterol, ergosta-5,7-dien-3β-ol, ergosta-7-en-3β-ol; (fatty acid):undecanoic acid, n-dedecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, n-tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, n-octadecanoic acid, hexadec-9-enoic acid, octadec-9-enoic acid, octadeca-9，12-dienoic acid; (phospholipid):phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl serine, phasphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol. Besides, the mycelium contains sanitanin A、B、C、D[1].

[Pharmacological activities]
1.Effect on immune function of: (1) humoralimmune function : polysaccharide conjugates of White Tremella and lentinan has significantlyimproved HC50[1] of tumor-bearing mice S-180. (2) effect oncell immune function : in vitro, polysaccharides from White Tremella can induce human lymphocyte transformation, itsactivity is similar to plant lectins; in vivo ,it can improve the conversionrate of leukemia in human lymphocytes [2]. It can significantly enhance the splenic lymphocyte proliferation inmice, while it is obviously antagonistic cells of immunosuppression induced by6-Mercaptopurine [3]. In vitro , polysaccharide conjugates of White Tremella achieved immunecells regulation function [4]. (3) Effect on nonspecific immune function polysaccharide conjugates of White Tremella and lentinan canincrease nonspecific immune function of tumor-bearing mice [5]. (4) Effect on immunological organ weights polysaccharides from White Tremella can significantly increase the weights of spleen in mice,by subcutaneous injection (100mg/kg)[6].

2.Effect on anti-tumor: polysaccharidesfrom White Tremella and IL-2 has synergistic effects on activating spleen cellsand antitumor, but no discernible impact on the main organ in the body [7].It also plays a protective role in the hematopoietic function of radiation andchemical damage in mice [8].

3. Anti-aging: polysaccharides from White Tremellaenhanced immune function and played anti-aging effects [9]. At thesame time, it can significantly be against d-Galactose-induced mice onConA-induced inhibition of lymphocyte transformation, increase the contents of IL-2and IL-6 in aging mice, which indicates that polysaccharides from Tremella canenhance immune function in aging mice, promote the proliferation of cells,prevents aging [10].

4.lowering blood sugar and lipid: threedoses of 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg of polysaccharides from White Tremella cansignificantly reduce levels of blood glucose in diabetic mice induced byalloxan, reduce hyperglycemia animal and normal animal blood sugar levels,increase serum insulin level [11]. Polysaccharides from WhiteTremella may prevent the formation of hypercholesterolemia mice [12].

5.blood anticoagulant and antithrombotic: Polysaccharidesfrom White Tremella in vitro and in vivo applications. Different routes of administrationhave a significantly strong anticoagulant activity,it works best particularlyin the oral [13]. The doses 27.8mg/kg and 41.7mg/kg of polysaccharidesfrom White Tremella by intraperitoneal injection in rabbit, can significantlyextend specific thrombosis and fibrin thrombi formation time, reduce the lengthof thrombus, the number of platelets and blood viscosity and platelet adhesionrate; decrease the plasma fibrinogen, high fibrinolytic enzyme,which shows thatit has distinct antithrombotic effect [14].

6.anti-radiation: The three doses 6mg/kg,12mg/kg, 24mg/kg of polysaccharides from White Tremella has a protective rolein hematopoietic system induced by 137Csγ-ray irradiation in mice [8].


[Clinical trial]
1. Chronic active hepatitis: Yinerbaozi intestines dissolving capsule five capsules, three times per day. 3 months as a course of treatment, to treat for 2 courses .The results showed the Yinerbaozi capsule can improve symptoms, signs, fall enzyme which had curative effect, and can promote e antigen negativity humoral immune suppression, improve immune cells. No bad reaction[1].
2. Chemotherapy induced leukopenia: During chemotherapy to eat Yiner daily steamed pork, ,8 ~ 10 days as one courses of treatment. During treatment need not Other white blood cell increase drug, The results show that has the obvious increase white blood cells .


[Properties]
Taste: sweet, bland; property: neutral; belong to lung, stomach, kidney chnnels.


[Medical and other Uses]
Function: nourish deficiency and promote the production of body fluid, moisten the lung and nourish stomach
Syndromes to be treated: Consumptive cough, blood-stained sputum, thirst, weak after the illness, shortness of breath, fatigue

[Dosage]
Oral administration: decoction, 3-10g, or cooked and eat with sugar and meat.

[Cautions]
Forbid to be used in the patients with cough due to wind-cold evil and moist heat.

[Traditional usage]
1. Moisteningthe lung，relieving cough andnourishing the body
2. Yin deficiency of the lung, cough, scantyphlegm and thirst
3. Heatsyndrome impairing the fluid, inclination to drinking due to thirst
4. Radiotherapyand chemotherapy periods of cancer
5. Primary hypertension

[Toxicological studies]
LD50 of Tremella polysaccharides and white fungus spores polysaccharideswere 115g/kg and 76g/kg [1]. Tremella polysaccharide had no toxiceffects on the central nervous system, respiratory system, blood system, aswell as heart, kidney, does not affect the fecundity and cub survival rate ofmice. And Not cause acute and chronic toxic damage, no mutagenic, carcinogenic [2

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

Simplisia ini adalah tubuh buah dari jamur kuping putih Berk. (keluarga: Tremellaceae). [Tanaman morfologi] The tubuh buah adalah lily putih, agar-agar dan tembus, terdiri dari berbagai segmen lebar dan tipis. Hal ini lembut ketika segar dan keriput saat kering. Basidium adalah subsphaeroidal dan longitudinal septate; spora tidak berwarna, halus dan sekitar bola. [Distribusi] Spesies ini didistribusikan di Sichuan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui, Taiwan, Hubei, Hainan, Hunan, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi , Gansu, Mongolia dan Tibet di Cina. [Mengumpulkan dan pengolahan] The tubuh buah dipanen pada musim semi atau musim gugur, dicuci dan dikeringkan di bawah sinar matahari. [Karakteristik] The tubuh buah terdiri dari beberapa ke 10-aneh tipis dan banyak- segmen kusut; itu adalah 3-15cm diameter, putih atau sekitar kuning, halus dan berkilau, menyerupai krisan, peony atau bola bordir. Ia memiliki basis coklat kekuningan. Hal ini cutinized, keras dan rapuh. Mengembang dan menjadi agar-agar ketika direndam dalam air. Simplisia ini memiliki bau yang lemah dan rasa hambar. [Ekologi] Hal ini tumbuh di kayu korupsi berdaun lebar pohon di musim panas. [Komposisi kimia] Ini berisi polisakarida TP-1, glikoprotein TP, dinding sel polysaccha, glucuronoxylomannan, TP, TSP, TF-B dan TF-C, polysacc netral, heteroglycans asam AC, BC, TF-A, TF-B, TF-C. Komposisi lipid (The sterol): ergosterol, ergosta-5,7-dien-3β-ol, ergosta-7-en-3β-ol; (asam lemak): asam undecanoic, n-dedecanoic asam, asam tridecanoic, n-tetradecanoic asam, asam pentadecanoic, n-heksadekanoat asam, n-oktadekanoat asam, asam hexadec-9-enoic, octadec-9-enoic asam, octadeca- asam 9,12-dienoic; (fosfolipid): etanolamin fosfatidil, fosfatidil gliserol, fosfatidil serin, phasphatidyl kolin, fosfatidil inositol. Selain itu, miselium mengandung sanitanin A, B, C, D [1]. [Kegiatan Farmakologi] 1.Effect pada fungsi kekebalan tubuh dari: (1) fungsi humoralimmune: konjugat polisakarida White Tremella dan lentinan telah significantlyimproved HC50 [1] tumor -bearing tikus S-180. (2) efek fungsi kekebalan oncell: in vitro, polisakarida dari putih Tremella dapat menginduksi transformasi limfosit manusia, itsactivity mirip dengan menanam lektin; in vivo, dapat meningkatkan conversionrate leukemia dalam limfosit manusia [2]. Secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan proliferasi limfosit limpa inmice, sementara itu jelas sel antagonis imunosupresi diinduksi by6-Mercaptopurine [3]. In vitro, konjugat polisakarida White Tremella dicapai fungsi regulasi immunecells [4]. (3) Pengaruh spesifik kekebalan konjugat fungsi polisakarida White Tremella dan lentinan canincrease fungsi kekebalan tubuh nonspesifik dari tikus yang menderita tumor [5]. (4) Pengaruh bobot organ imunologi polisakarida dari Putih Tremella secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan bobot limpa pada tikus, dengan injeksi subkutan (100mg / kg) [6]. 2.Effect anti-tumor: polysaccharidesfrom Putih Tremella dan IL-2 memiliki efek sinergis pada mengaktifkan limpa cellsand antitumor, tapi tidak ada dampak yang jelas pada organ utama dalam tubuh [7] .Ini juga memainkan peran protektif dalam fungsi hematopoietik radiasi kerusakan andchemical pada tikus [8]. 3. Anti-penuaan: polisakarida dari fungsi kekebalan Putih Tremellaenhanced dan bermain efek anti-penuaan [9]. Pada saat thesame, secara signifikan dapat melawan penghambatan tikus d-Galactose diinduksi onConA diinduksi transformasi limfosit, meningkatkan isi IL-2dan IL-6 di penuaan tikus, yang menunjukkan bahwa polisakarida dari Tremella canenhance fungsi kekebalan pada penuaan tikus, mempromosikan proliferasi sel, mencegah penuaan [10]. 4.lowering gula darah dan lipid: threedoses 250, 500 dan 1000mg / kg polisakarida dari Putih Tremella cansignificantly menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus diabetes yang diinduksi byalloxan, mengurangi hiperglikemia hewan dan kadar gula darah hewan normal, meningkatkan kadar insulin serum [11]. Polisakarida dari WhiteTremella dapat mencegah pembentukan tikus hiperkolesterolemia [12]. 5.blood antikoagulan dan antitrombotik: Polysaccharidesfrom Putih Tremella in vitro dan in vivo aplikasi. Rute yang berbeda dari administrationhave aktivitas antikoagulan signifikan yang kuat, ia bekerja terbaik particularlyin oral [13]. Dosis 27.8mg / kg dan 41.7mg / kg polysaccharidesfrom Putih Tremella oleh injeksi intraperitoneal pada kelinci, dapat significantlyextend spesifik trombosis dan pembentukan trombus fibrin waktu, mengurangi trombus lengthof, jumlah trombosit dan viskositas darah dan adhesionrate platelet; menurunkan fibrinogen plasma, enzim fibrinolitik yang tinggi, yang menunjukkan thatit memiliki efek antitrombotik yang berbeda [14]. 6.anti-radiasi: Tiga dosis 6mg / kg, 12 mg / kg, 24mg / kg dari polisakarida dari Putih Tremella memiliki rolein hematopoietik pelindung Sistem diinduksi oleh radiasi 137Csγ-ray pada tikus [8]. [percobaan klinis] 1. Hepatitis kronis aktif: Yinerbaozi usus melarutkan kapsul lima kapsul, tiga kali per hari. 3 bulan sebagai pengobatan, untuk mengobati untuk kursus 2 hasil .suatu menunjukkan kapsul Yinerbaozi dapat memperbaiki gejala, tanda-tanda, jatuh enzim yang memiliki efek kuratif, dan dapat mempromosikan e antigen negatif penekanan kekebalan humoral, meningkatkan sel-sel kekebalan. Tidak ada yang buruk reaksi [1]. 2. Kemoterapi induksi leukopenia: Selama kemoterapi untuk makan daging babi yiner harian kukus,, 8 ~ 10 hari sebagai salah satu program pengobatan. Selama perawatan tidak perlu Lainnya peningkatan sel darah putih obat, Hasil menunjukkan bahwa memiliki peningkatan yang jelas sel darah putih. [Properties] Taste: manis, hambar; Properti: netral; milik paru, lambung, chnnels ginjal. [Medis dan Penggunaan lainnya] Fungsi: memelihara kekurangan dan meningkatkan produksi cairan tubuh, melembabkan paru dan menyehatkan lambung Syndromes diperlakukan: batuk Konsumtif, dahak bernoda darah, haus, lemah setelah penyakit, sesak napas, kelelahan [Dosis] Oral:. rebusan, 3-10g, atau dimasak dan makan dengan gula dan daging [Perhatian] Melarang untuk digunakan pada pasien dengan batuk karena panas yang jahat dan lembab angin-dingin . [penggunaan Tradisional] 1. Moisteningthe paru, menghilangkan batuk andnourishing tubuh 2. Defisiensi yin dari paru-paru, batuk, scantyphlegm dan haus 3. Heatsyndrome merusak cairan, kecenderungan untuk minum karena haus 4. Periode kemoterapi Radiotherapyand kanker 5. Hipertensi primer [studi Toksikologi] LD50 dari Tremella polisakarida dan spora jamur putih polysaccharideswere 115g / kg dan 76g / kg [1]. Tremella polisakarida tidak toxiceffects pada sistem saraf pusat, sistem pernapasan, sistem darah, juga sebagai jantung, ginjal, tidak mempengaruhi fekunditas dan cub tingkat kelangsungan hidup ofmice. Dan Tidak menyebabkan kerusakan beracun akut dan kronis, ada mutagenik, karsinogenik [2