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1,100 Small Business Development Centers and 13,000 volunteers from the ServiceCorps of Retired Executives.14Management Courses and Workshops The management courses offered by theSBA cover all the functions, duties, and roles of managers. Instructors may be teachersfrom local colleges and universities or other professionals, such as management consultants,bankers, lawyers, and accountants. Fees for these courses are quite low. Themost popular such course is a general survey of eight to ten different areas of businessmanagement. In follow-up studies, businesspeople may concentrate in depth on oneor more of these areas depending on their particular strengths and weaknesses. TheSBA occasionally offers one-day conferences. These conferences are aimed at keepingowner-managers up-to-date on new management developments, tax laws, and the like.The Small Business Training Network (SBTN) is an online training network consistingof 83 SBA-run courses, workshops, and resources. Some of the most requested coursesinclude Entrepreneurship, Starting and Managing Your Own Business, Developinga Business Plan, Managing the Digital Enterprise, Identify Your Target Market, andAnalyze Profitability. Find out more at www.sba.gov/training. Recently, more than240,000 small-business owners benefited from SBA’s free online business courses.SCORE The Service Corps of Retired Executives (SCORE), created in 1964, isa group of more than 13,000 retired and active businesspeople including more than2,000 women who volunteer their services to small businesses through the SBA. Thecollective experience of SCORE volunteers spans the full range of American enterprise.These volunteers have worked for such notable companies as Eastman Kodak, GeneralElectric, IBM, and Procter & Gamble. Experts in areas of accounting, finance, marketing,engineering, and retailing provide counseling and mentoring to entrepreneurs.A small-business owner who has a particular problem can request free counseling fromSCORE. An assigned counselor visits the owner in his or her establishment and, throughcareful observation, analyzes the business situation and the problem. If the problem iscomplex, the counselor may call on other volunteer experts to assist. Finally, the counseloroffers a plan for solving the problem and helping the owner through the critical period.Consider the plight of Elizabeth Halvorsen, a mystery writer from Minneapolis.Her husband had built up the family advertising and graphic arts firm for 17 yearswhen he was called in 1991 to serve in the Persian Gulf War. The only one left behindto run the business was Mrs. Halvorsen, who admittedly had nobusiness experience. Enter SCORE. With a SCORE managementexpert at her side, she kept the business on track. Recently, SCOREvolunteers served more than 523,800 small-business people likeMrs. Halvorsen through its 389 offices. The 13,000 counselorsprovided 203,000 face-to-face counseling sessions, 119,000 onlinecounseling sessions, and more than 49,500 online workshops tomore than 201,000 workshop participants. Since its inception,SCORE has assisted more than 9 million small-business peoplewith online and face-to-face small business counseling.15Help for Minority-Owned Small BusinessesAmericans who are members of minority groups have haddifficulty entering the nation’s economic mainstream. Raisingmoney is a nagging problem for minority business owners, whoalso may lack adequate training. Members of minority groupsare, of course, eligible for all SBA programs, but the SBA makesa special effort to assist those minority groups who want tostart small businesses or expand existing ones. For example, theMinority Business Development Agency awards grants to developand increase business opportunities for members of racial andethnic minorities.148Helping women become entrepreneurs is also a special goal of the SBA. EmilyHarrington, one of nine children, was born in Manila, the Philippines. She arrived inthe United States in 1972 as a foreign-exchange student. Convinced that there was amarket for hard-working, dedicated minorities and women, she launched QualifiedResources, Inc., a professional staffing services firm. Inc. magazine selected her firm asone of “America’s Fastest Growing Private Companies” just six years later. Harringtoncredits the SBA with giving her the technical support that made her first loan possible.Finding a SCORE counselor to work directly with her, she refined her business planuntil she got a bank loan. Before contacting the SBA, Harrington was turned down forbusiness loans “by all the banks I approached,” even though she worked as a managerof loan credit and collection for a bank. Later, Emily Harrington was SBA’s winnerof the local, regional, and national Small Business Entrepreneurial Success Award forRhode Island, the New England region, and the nation! For several years in a row,Qualified Resources, Inc., was named one of the fastest growing private companiesin Rhode Island. Now with more than 100 Women’s Business Centers, entrepreneurslike Harrington can receive training and technical assistance, access to credit and capital,federal contracts, and international markets. The SBA’s Online Women’s BusinessCenter (www.sba.gov/aboutsba/sbaprograms/onlinewbc/index.html) is a state-of-the-artInternet site to help women expand their businesses. This free, interactive Web site offerswomen information about business principles and practices, management techniques,networking, industry news, market research and technology training, online counseling,and hundreds of links to other sites, as well as information about the many SBA servicesand resources available to them.Small-Business Institutes Small-business institutes (SBIs), created in 1972,are groups of senior and graduate students in business administration who provide
management counseling to small businesses. SBIs have been set up on more than
520 college campuses as another way to help business owners. The students work in
small groups guided by faculty advisers and SBA management-assistance experts. Like
SCORE volunteers, they analyze and help solve the problems of small-business owners
at their business establishments.
Small-Business Development Centers Small-business development centers
(SBDCs) are university-based groups that provide individual counseling and practical
training to owners of small businesses. SBDCs draw from the resources of local,
state, and federal governments, private businesses, and universities. These groups can
provide managerial and technical help, data from research studies, and other types
of specialized assistance of value to small businesses. In 2011, there were more than
1,000 SBDC locations, primarily at colleges and universities, assisting people such
as Kathleen DuBois. After scribbling a list of her abilities and the names of potential
clients on a napkin in a local restaurant, Kathleen DuBois decided to start her own
marketing firm. Beth Thornton launched her engineering firm after a discussion with
a colleague in the ladies room of the Marriott. When Richard Shell was laid off after
20 years of service with Nisource (Columbia Gas), he searched the Internet tirelessly
before finding the right franchise option. Introduced by mutual friends, Jim Bostic
and Denver McMillion quickly connected, built a high level of trust, and combined
their diverse professional backgrounds to form a manufacturing company. Although
these entrepreneurs took different routes in starting their new businesses in West
Virginia, all of them turned to the West Virginia Small Business Development Center
for the technical assistance to make their dreams become a reality.
SBA Publications The SBA issues management, marketing, and technical publications
dealing with hundreds of topics of interest to present and prospective
managers of small firms. Most of these publications are available from the SBA
free of charge. Others can be obtained for a small fee from the U.S. Government
Printing Office.
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SBA Financial Assistance
Small businesses seem to be constantly in need of money. An owner may have enough
capital to start and operate the business. But then he or she may require more money to
finance increased operations during peak selling seasons, to pay for required pollution
control equipment, to finance an expansion, or to mop up after a natural disaster
such as a flood or a terrorist attack. For example, the Supplemental Terrorist Activity
Relief program has made $3.7 billion in loans to 8,202 small businesses harmed or
disrupted by the September 11 terrorist attacks. In October 2005, the SBA guaranteed
loans of up to $150,000 to small businesses affected by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.
Since the 2005 hurricanes, SBA has made more than $4.9 billion in disaster loans to
102,903 homeowners and renters in the Gulf region. Businesses in the area received
16,828 business disaster loans with disbursements worth $1.5 billion.16 In 2010, the
SBA offered economic injury loans to fishing and fishing-dependent small businesses as
a result of the Deepwater BP spill that shut down commercial and recreational fishing
waters. According to the SBA Administrator Karen Mills, “SBA remains committed to
taking every step to help small businesses deal with the financial challenges they are
facing as a result of the Deepwater BP oil spill.”17 The SBA offers special financialassistance
programs that cover all these situations. However, its primary financial
function is to guarantee loans to eligible businesses.
Regular Business Loans Most of the SBA’s business loans are actually made by
private lenders such as banks, but repayment is partially guaranteed by the agency.
That is, the SBA may guarantee that it will repay the lender up to 90 percent of the
loan if the borrowing firm cannot repay it. Guaranteed loans approved on or after
October 1, 2002, may be as large as $1.5
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