1. Culture is a complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, m terjemahan - 1. Culture is a complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, m Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

1. Culture is a complex whole that

1. Culture is a complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, and
other capabilities people acquire as members of society.
2. Values and norms are the central components of a culture. Values are abstract ideals about what
a society believes to be good, right, and desirable. Norms are social rules and guidelines that
prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations.
3. Values and norms are influenced by political and economic philosophy, social structure,
religion, language, and education.
4. The social structure of a society refers to its basic social organization. Two main dimensions
along which social structures differ are the individual—group dimension and the stratification
dimension.
5. In some societies, the individual is the basic building block of social organization. These
societies emphasize individual achievements above all else. In other societies, the group is the basic
building block of social organization. These societies emphasize group membership and group
achievements above all else.
6. All societies are stratified into different classes. Class-conscious societies are characterized by
low social mobility and a high degree of stratification. Less class-conscious societies are
characterized by high social mobility and a low degree of stratification.
7. Religion may be defined as a system of shared beliefs and rituals that is concerned with the
realm of the sacred. Ethical systems refer to a set of moral principles, or values, that are used to
guide and shape behavior. The world’s major religions are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and
Buddhism. Although not a religion, Confucianism has an impact on behavior as profound as that of
many religions. The value systems of different religious and ethical systems have different
implications for business practice.
8. Language is one defining characteristic of a culture. It has both spoken and unspoken dimensions.
In countries with more than one spoken language, we tend to find more than one culture.
9. Formal education is the medium through which individuals learn skills and are socialized into
the values and norms of a society. Education plays an important role in the determination of national
competitive advantage.
10. Geert Hofstede studied how culture relates to values in the workplace. He isolated four
dimensions that he claimed summarized different cultures: power distance, uncertainty avoidance,
individualism versus collectivism, and masculinity versus femininity.
11. Culture is not a constant; it evolves. Economic progress and globalization seem to be two
important engines of cultural change.
12. One danger confronting a company that goes abroad for the first time is being ill-informed. To
develop cross-cultural literacy, international businesses need to employ host-country nationals, build
a cadre of cosmopolitan executives, and guard against the dangers of ethnocentric behavior.
13. The value systems and norms of a country can affect the costs of doing business in that country.
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1. Culture is a complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, andother capabilities people acquire as members of society.2. Values and norms are the central components of a culture. Values are abstract ideals about whata society believes to be good, right, and desirable. Norms are social rules and guidelines thatprescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations.3. Values and norms are influenced by political and economic philosophy, social structure,religion, language, and education.4. The social structure of a society refers to its basic social organization. Two main dimensionsalong which social structures differ are the individual—group dimension and the stratificationdimension.5. In some societies, the individual is the basic building block of social organization. Thesesocieties emphasize individual achievements above all else. In other societies, the group is the basicbuilding block of social organization. These societies emphasize group membership and groupachievements above all else.6. All societies are stratified into different classes. Class-conscious societies are characterized bylow social mobility and a high degree of stratification. Less class-conscious societies arecharacterized by high social mobility and a low degree of stratification.7. Religion may be defined as a system of shared beliefs and rituals that is concerned with therealm of the sacred. Ethical systems refer to a set of moral principles, or values, that are used toguide and shape behavior. The world’s major religions are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, andBuddhism. Although not a religion, Confucianism has an impact on behavior as profound as that ofmany religions. The value systems of different religious and ethical systems have differentimplications for business practice.8. Language is one defining characteristic of a culture. It has both spoken and unspoken dimensions.In countries with more than one spoken language, we tend to find more than one culture.9. Formal education is the medium through which individuals learn skills and are socialized intothe values and norms of a society. Education plays an important role in the determination of nationalcompetitive advantage.10. Geert Hofstede studied how culture relates to values in the workplace. He isolated fourdimensions that he claimed summarized different cultures: power distance, uncertainty avoidance,individualism versus collectivism, and masculinity versus femininity.11. Culture is not a constant; it evolves. Economic progress and globalization seem to be twoimportant engines of cultural change.12. One danger confronting a company that goes abroad for the first time is being ill-informed. Todevelop cross-cultural literacy, international businesses need to employ host-country nationals, builda cadre of cosmopolitan executives, and guard against the dangers of ethnocentric behavior.13. The value systems and norms of a country can affect the costs of doing business in that country.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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1. Budaya adalah kompleks yang mencakup pengetahuan, kepercayaan, seni, moral, hukum, adat istiadat, dan
kemampuan orang lain memperoleh sebagai anggota masyarakat.
2. Nilai dan norma adalah komponen utama dari budaya. Nilai adalah cita-cita abstrak tentang apa
masyarakat percaya untuk menjadi baik, benar, dan diinginkan. Norma aturan sosial dan pedoman yang
meresepkan perilaku yang tepat dalam situasi tertentu.
3. Nilai dan norma yang dipengaruhi oleh filsafat politik dan ekonomi, struktur sosial,
agama, bahasa, dan pendidikan.
4. Struktur sosial masyarakat mengacu pada organisasi sosial dasar. Dua dimensi utama
bersama yang struktur sosial berbeda adalah dimensi individual-kelompok dan stratifikasi
dimensi.
5. Dalam beberapa masyarakat, individu adalah blok bangunan dasar dari organisasi sosial. Ini
masyarakat menekankan prestasi individu di atas segalanya. Dalam masyarakat lain, kelompok adalah dasar
blok bangunan dari organisasi sosial. Masyarakat-masyarakat ini menekankan keanggotaan kelompok dan kelompok
prestasi di atas segalanya.
6. Semua masyarakat yang dikelompokkan ke dalam kelas yang berbeda. Masyarakat kelas-sadar ditandai dengan
mobilitas sosial rendah dan tingkat tinggi stratifikasi. Kurang kelas-sadar masyarakat yang
ditandai dengan mobilitas sosial yang tinggi dan tingkat rendah stratifikasi.
7. Agama dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu sistem keyakinan dan ritual bersama yang peduli dengan
alam suci. Sistem etika mengacu pada seperangkat prinsip moral, atau nilai-nilai, yang digunakan untuk
memandu dan membentuk perilaku. Agama-agama besar di dunia adalah Kristen, Islam, Hindu, dan
Buddha. Meskipun bukan agama, Konfusianisme memiliki dampak pada perilaku sebagai mendalam seperti yang
banyak agama. Sistem nilai dari sistem agama dan etika yang berbeda memiliki
implikasi untuk praktek bisnis.
8. Bahasa adalah salah satu ciri khas budaya. Ini telah lisan dan dimensi yang tak terucapkan.
Di negara-negara dengan lebih dari satu bahasa lisan, kita cenderung untuk menemukan lebih dari satu kebudayaan.
9. Pendidikan formal adalah media melalui mana individu belajar keterampilan dan disosialisasikan ke
nilai-nilai dan norma-norma masyarakat. Pendidikan memainkan peran penting dalam penentuan nasional
keunggulan kompetitif.
10. Geert Hofstede mempelajari bagaimana budaya berkaitan dengan nilai-nilai di tempat kerja. Dia diisolasi empat
dimensi yang ia mengaku diringkas budaya yang berbeda: jarak kekuasaan, penghindaran ketidakpastian,
individualisme vs kolektivisme, dan maskulinitas terhadap feminitas.
11. Budaya bukan konstan; itu berkembang. Kemajuan ekonomi dan globalisasi tampaknya menjadi dua
mesin penting dari perubahan budaya.
12. Salah satu bahaya yang dihadapi perusahaan yang pergi ke luar negeri untuk pertama kalinya sedang kurang informasi. Untuk
mengembangkan literasi lintas budaya, bisnis internasional perlu untuk mempekerjakan warga negara tuan rumah, membangun
kader eksekutif kosmopolitan, dan menjaga terhadap bahaya perilaku etnosentris.
13. Sistem nilai dan norma-norma suatu negara dapat mempengaruhi biaya melakukan bisnis di negara itu.
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