Directions for Future Developmental Workon Personality StructureWe sug terjemahan - Directions for Future Developmental Workon Personality StructureWe sug Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Directions for Future Developmental

Directions for Future Developmental Work
on Personality Structure
We suggest six ways to build on the current success of elucidating the structure of
personality differences across the life course. First, much more work is needed to
specify lower-order traits that can be identified in children and adults. There are
a number of lower-order traits beyond the ones specified here that may turn out
to be important; e.g., humility and integrity (Agreeableness), and talent (Openness). It may also be possible to distinguish among different negative emotions
making up the Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality trait (e.g., sadness, anxiety, and
fear).
Second, we have emphasized advances in dimensional, or variable-centered,
approaches to personality classification. These approaches are concerned with systematizing the enormous differences between individuals. In contrast, approaches
that are typological, or person-centered, aim to develop a taxonomy not of personality variables but of personality types, and are concerned with the overall structure
of personality dimensions within individuals. Efforts to classify people rather than
variables are still in their early stages of development, although there appear to
be striking regularities in the identification of at least three “types” of children:
resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled (Hart et al. 2003). However, the descriptive and predictive efficiency and utility of typological versus dimensional
approaches awaits more explicit evaluation (Asendorpf 2003).
Third, more creative measurement of individual differences, beyond the sole use
of questionnaires, would benefit the fields of child development and personality
psychology. For example, implicit measures have been used to assess anxiety
and shyness in adults (Asendorpf et al. 2002, Egloff & Schmukle 2002); rather
than directly inquiring about a person’s self-view of personality, these instruments
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Directions for Future Developmental Workon Personality StructureWe suggest six ways to build on the current success of elucidating the structure ofpersonality differences across the life course. First, much more work is needed tospecify lower-order traits that can be identified in children and adults. There area number of lower-order traits beyond the ones specified here that may turn outto be important; e.g., humility and integrity (Agreeableness), and talent (Openness). It may also be possible to distinguish among different negative emotionsmaking up the Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality trait (e.g., sadness, anxiety, andfear).Second, we have emphasized advances in dimensional, or variable-centered,approaches to personality classification. These approaches are concerned with systematizing the enormous differences between individuals. In contrast, approachesthat are typological, or person-centered, aim to develop a taxonomy not of personality variables but of personality types, and are concerned with the overall structureof personality dimensions within individuals. Efforts to classify people rather thanvariables are still in their early stages of development, although there appear tobe striking regularities in the identification of at least three “types” of children:resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled (Hart et al. 2003). However, the descriptive and predictive efficiency and utility of typological versus dimensionalapproaches awaits more explicit evaluation (Asendorpf 2003).Third, more creative measurement of individual differences, beyond the sole useof questionnaires, would benefit the fields of child development and personalitypsychology. For example, implicit measures have been used to assess anxietyand shyness in adults (Asendorpf et al. 2002, Egloff & Schmukle 2002); ratherthan directly inquiring about a person’s self-view of personality, these instruments
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Arah Masa Depan Developmental Kerja
Struktur Kepribadian
Kami menyarankan enam cara untuk membangun keberhasilan saat penguraian struktur dari
perbedaan kepribadian di lapangan kehidupan. Pertama, banyak pekerjaan yang diperlukan untuk
menentukan sifat-order yang lebih rendah yang dapat diidentifikasi pada anak-anak dan orang dewasa. Ada
sejumlah orde rendah sifat luar yang ditetapkan di sini yang mungkin ternyata
menjadi penting; misalnya, kerendahan hati dan integritas (Agreeableness), dan bakat (Keterbukaan). Hal ini juga mungkin untuk membedakan antara emosi negatif yang berbeda
yang membentuk Neuroticism / Negatif emosionalitas sifat (misalnya, kesedihan, kecemasan, dan
ketakutan).
Kemajuan Kedua, kami telah ditekankan dalam dimensi, atau variabel-berpusat,
pendekatan untuk klasifikasi kepribadian. Pendekatan ini prihatin dengan sistematisasi perbedaan yang sangat besar antara individu. Sebaliknya, pendekatan
yang tipologi, atau orang-berpusat, bertujuan untuk mengembangkan taksonomi tidak variabel kepribadian tetapi tipe kepribadian, dan prihatin dengan struktur keseluruhan
dari dimensi kepribadian dalam individu. Upaya untuk mengklasifikasikan orang daripada
variabel masih dalam tahap awal pembangunan mereka, meskipun ada tampaknya
menjadi keteraturan mencolok dalam identifikasi setidaknya tiga "jenis" dari anak-anak:
ulet, overcontrolled, dan undercontrolled (Hart et al 2003.). Namun, efisiensi deskriptif dan prediktif dan utilitas dari tipologi terhadap dimensi
pendekatan menanti evaluasi yang lebih eksplisit (Asendorpf 2003).
Ketiga, pengukuran lebih kreatif dari perbedaan individu, di luar satu-satunya penggunaan
kuesioner, akan menguntungkan bidang perkembangan anak dan kepribadian
psikologi. Misalnya, langkah-langkah implisit telah digunakan untuk menilai kecemasan
dan rasa malu pada orang dewasa (Asendorpf et al, 2002, Egloff & Schmukle 2002.); bukan
dari langsung menanyakan tentang seseorang diri-view kepribadian, instrumen ini
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