9.4.3 Technique9.4.3.1 General ConsiderationsFNAB can be performed by  terjemahan - 9.4.3 Technique9.4.3.1 General ConsiderationsFNAB can be performed by  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

9.4.3 Technique9.4.3.1 General Cons

9.4.3 Technique
9.4.3.1 General Considerations
FNAB can be performed by solely using the fine needle,
by applying a coaxial approach or by using a tandem
technique. The first technique is characterized
by the straightforward puncture of the target lesion.
This technique has some disadvantages, including limited
controllability. The coaxial technique is characterized
by a combination of two needles. A thicker,
shorter needle is inserted down to the anterior edge
of the lesion. Then a thinner, longer needle is introduced
through the first needle. Multiple samples can
be taken using the thinner needle without several punctures.
If necessary, the larger needle can be pulled
back and its angle changed to reach different areas
of the lesion. With the tandem technique, first a single
reference needle is introduced into the lesion.
Then further needles are introduced “in tandem”, i.e.,
parallel to the first needle without having to guide
them separately.
After the appropriate needle length has been measured
in the planning scan, preparation of the chosen
entry site, and local anesthesia, the fine needle
is inserted into the lesion under image control, i.e.,
repeated nonenhanced short CT scans or CTF sequences
triggered by the operator. As soon as the
needle has been introduced into the lesion, the trocar
is removed and a 10- or 20-ml Luer-Lok syringe
is connected to the proximal end of the needle,
and suction is applied. The aspirated volume
ranges between 3 and 5ml for most biopsies, and
should be reduced (1–2 ml) in hypervascularized lesions
to avoid aspiration of larger amounts of blood.
During application of suction, the needle is moved
back and forth within the lesion for 10–15 s, or until
the hub of the syringe becomes filled with blood.
Before the needle is removed from the lesion, the
suction is stopped to avoid aspiration of further tissue
potentially confusing cytologic evaluation of the
sample.
In hypervascularized lesions such as in the thyroid
gland, nonaspiration fine-needle biopsy can alternatively
be performed. The needle is introduced into the
lesion without a syringe, and is moved back and forth
several times.
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9.4.3 Technique9.4.3.1 General ConsiderationsFNAB can be performed by solely using the fine needle,by applying a coaxial approach or by using a tandemtechnique. The first technique is characterizedby the straightforward puncture of the target lesion.This technique has some disadvantages, including limitedcontrollability. The coaxial technique is characterizedby a combination of two needles. A thicker,shorter needle is inserted down to the anterior edgeof the lesion. Then a thinner, longer needle is introducedthrough the first needle. Multiple samples canbe taken using the thinner needle without several punctures.If necessary, the larger needle can be pulledback and its angle changed to reach different areasof the lesion. With the tandem technique, first a singlereference needle is introduced into the lesion.Then further needles are introduced “in tandem”, i.e.,parallel to the first needle without having to guidethem separately.After the appropriate needle length has been measuredin the planning scan, preparation of the chosenentry site, and local anesthesia, the fine needleis inserted into the lesion under image control, i.e.,repeated nonenhanced short CT scans or CTF sequencestriggered by the operator. As soon as theneedle has been introduced into the lesion, the trocaris removed and a 10- or 20-ml Luer-Lok syringeis connected to the proximal end of the needle,and suction is applied. The aspirated volumeranges between 3 and 5ml for most biopsies, andshould be reduced (1–2 ml) in hypervascularized lesionsto avoid aspiration of larger amounts of blood.During application of suction, the needle is movedback and forth within the lesion for 10–15 s, or untilthe hub of the syringe becomes filled with blood.Before the needle is removed from the lesion, thesuction is stopped to avoid aspiration of further tissuepotentially confusing cytologic evaluation of thesample.In hypervascularized lesions such as in the thyroidgland, nonaspiration fine-needle biopsy can alternativelybe performed. The needle is introduced into thelesion without a syringe, and is moved back and forthseveral times.
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9.4.3 Teknik
9.4.3.1 Pertimbangan Umum
FNAB dapat dilakukan dengan hanya menggunakan jarum halus,
dengan menerapkan pendekatan koaksial atau dengan menggunakan tandem
teknik. Teknik pertama ditandai
oleh tusukan langsung dari lesi sasaran.
Teknik ini memiliki beberapa kelemahan, termasuk terbatas
pengendalian. Teknik koaksial ditandai
dengan kombinasi dua jarum. Sebuah tebal,
jarum pendek dimasukkan ke tepi anterior
dari lesi. Kemudian tipis, jarum lagi diperkenalkan
melalui jarum pertama. Beberapa sampel dapat
diambil dengan menggunakan jarum tipis tanpa beberapa tusukan.
Jika perlu, jarum yang lebih besar dapat ditarik
kembali dan sudut yang berubah untuk mencapai daerah yang berbeda
dari lesi. Dengan teknik tandem, pertama satu
jarum referensi dimasukkan ke lesi.
Kemudian jarum lanjut diperkenalkan "bersama-sama", yaitu,
sejajar dengan jarum pertama tanpa harus membimbing
mereka secara terpisah.
Setelah panjang jarum yang tepat telah diukur
dalam perencanaan scan, persiapan yang dipilih
situs entri, dan anestesi lokal, jarum halus
dimasukkan ke dalam lesi di bawah kontrol gambar, yaitu,
diulang nonenhanced CT scan pendek atau urutan KKP
dipicu oleh operator. Begitu
jarum telah diperkenalkan ke lesi, trocar yang
dihapus dan jarum suntik 10- atau 20-ml Luer-Lok
terhubung ke ujung proksimal jarum,
dan hisap diterapkan. Volume disedot
berkisar antara 3 dan 5 ml untuk sebagian biopsi, dan
harus dikurangi (1-2 ml) pada lesi hypervascularized
untuk menghindari aspirasi dalam jumlah yang lebih besar darah.
Selama penerapan hisap, jarum tersebut akan dipindahkan
bolak-balik dalam lesi untuk 10-15 s, atau sampai
hub jarum suntik menjadi penuh dengan darah.
Sebelum jarum dihapus dari lesi,
hisap dihentikan untuk menghindari aspirasi jaringan lanjut
evaluasi sitologi berpotensi membingungkan dari
sampel.
Dalam lesi hypervascularized seperti di tiroid
kelenjar, biopsi nonaspiration jarum halus dapat alternatif
dilakukan. Jarum dimasukkan ke dalam
lesi tanpa jarum suntik, dan bergerak maju-mundur
beberapa kali.
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