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Animal SlavesOnce, there were no farms. All humans were hunter-gatherers. They hunted wild animals and gathered wild food such as fruit and nuts. They moved from place to place and developed strategies for hunting animals and looking for plants they could eat. Then, approximately 10,000 years ago, people discovered that they could grow crops and keep certain animals to use for food or for work. Thus began farming.Adapting animals for use as food or for work such as pulling vehicles is called “domestication”. The first animals to be domesticated were dogs; these were followed by sheep, pigs, goats, and cows. Some animals, for example rabbits, were not domesticated until the modern era. In the book Guns, Germs, and Steel, author Jared Diamond discusses which sorts of animals can be domesticated. First, he suggests, they must be able to eat a broad diet, and it is especially useful if they do not consume the food humans eat. They must also have a fast growth rate. Slow-growing animals need too much care before they reach a useful size. Next, they must be able to be bred in captivity. Some animals, such as the panda, are difficult to breed in captivity. In addition, they must be able to live alongside humans and not be aggressive; lions or hyenas are clearly not suitable for this reason.As more and more animals were domesticated over time, farms developed. Animals were captive, but their existence was mostly unchanged from the wild state. Domesticated cattle in a field eating grass are basically the same as a group of wild cattle doing the same thing. This is still the picture most of us see in our minds when we think of a farm: contented animals chewing fresh, green grass in wide, open fields.However, circumstances have changed, and most modern farms are very different. In the latter half of the twentieth century, the demand for cheap food and the pressure from shareholders to make a profit from their investments gave rise to the factory farm. The outcome for farm animals at this kind of facility is not good; animal welfare is not a priority, and they often suffer in terrible conditions. Unfortunately, this treatment continues when the animals are killed. Again, profit rules, and speed is the key to profit. Because workers have to kill as quickly as possible, mistakes are made. Some animals are still alive after their throats are cut, and they are boiled or skinned alive.All of this takes place behind closed doors, and the public is largely kept unaware of the circumstances under which the killing takes place. We go to the supermarket and purchase our cheap food. Perhaps we notice the traditional farm pictured on the label. Usually, we think no more about it. But if we did know how these animals suffer from this abuse, would we make a complaint and change our eating habits? Would we give up cheap food to ensure proper treatment of farm animals? Would you?
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