For example: KERA/90.1 the local Public Radio Station relies on listen terjemahan - For example: KERA/90.1 the local Public Radio Station relies on listen Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

For example: KERA/90.1 the local Pu

For example: KERA/90.1 the local Public Radio Station relies on listener/viewer support to operate. Three times a year the station holds pledge drives asking the viewers and listeners to make contributions or face a possible reduction in programming. According to the station, only 10 of the audience make contributions. This show a very large free-rider problem but the station is able to survive for two reasons. First the station is in part funded by the government, but it cannot survive on government funding alone. Second the station relies on contributions from foundations or wealthy individuals who are able to give much much more than the average listener or viewer. During the 2009 Winter membership drive, the station told the story of an individual who had listened to the station for over ten years yet had never contributed. This individual said the only reason she did not was because she knew someone else would. That is the essence of the Free Rider Problem, the belief that someone else will do it.

The fireworks example illustrates the "free-rider" problem. Even if the fireworks show is worth ten dollars to each person, no one will pay ten dollars to the entrepreneur. Each person will seek to "free-ride" by allowing others to pay for the show, and then watch for free from his or her backyard. If the free-rider problem cannot be solved, valuable goods and services, ones that people want and otherwise would be willing to pay for, will remain underproduced. Thus, creating a market failure because it is not profitable for business to continue to produce.

A real-world example of the free-rider problem was illustrated in the town of Cambridge, England. The town sought to provide public transportation in the form of three hundred and fifty bicycles as a public good. These bicycles would then be placed around the town and be free to anyone to use. They would be distinguished by their green color so privately owned bicycles wouldn't be confused with the public ones. However, due to the free-rider problem within 4 days all the bicycles had been stolen and repainted to disguise them as privately owned bicycles. Not only did the city lose about $20,000 but it learned a very real lesson about free-riders in modern society. (Gruber: Public Finance and Public Policy p.185 and classroom discussion) The "free-rider" problem leaves public with three main choices:
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For example: KERA/90.1 the local Public Radio Station relies on listener/viewer support to operate. Three times a year the station holds pledge drives asking the viewers and listeners to make contributions or face a possible reduction in programming. According to the station, only 10 of the audience make contributions. This show a very large free-rider problem but the station is able to survive for two reasons. First the station is in part funded by the government, but it cannot survive on government funding alone. Second the station relies on contributions from foundations or wealthy individuals who are able to give much much more than the average listener or viewer. During the 2009 Winter membership drive, the station told the story of an individual who had listened to the station for over ten years yet had never contributed. This individual said the only reason she did not was because she knew someone else would. That is the essence of the Free Rider Problem, the belief that someone else will do it.The fireworks example illustrates the "free-rider" problem. Even if the fireworks show is worth ten dollars to each person, no one will pay ten dollars to the entrepreneur. Each person will seek to "free-ride" by allowing others to pay for the show, and then watch for free from his or her backyard. If the free-rider problem cannot be solved, valuable goods and services, ones that people want and otherwise would be willing to pay for, will remain underproduced. Thus, creating a market failure because it is not profitable for business to continue to produce.A real-world example of the free-rider problem was illustrated in the town of Cambridge, England. The town sought to provide public transportation in the form of three hundred and fifty bicycles as a public good. These bicycles would then be placed around the town and be free to anyone to use. They would be distinguished by their green color so privately owned bicycles wouldn't be confused with the public ones. However, due to the free-rider problem within 4 days all the bicycles had been stolen and repainted to disguise them as privately owned bicycles. Not only did the city lose about $20,000 but it learned a very real lesson about free-riders in modern society. (Gruber: Public Finance and Public Policy p.185 and classroom discussion) The "free-rider" problem leaves public with three main choices:
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Sebagai contoh: KERA / 90,1 lokal Stasiun Radio Publik bergantung pada dukungan pendengar / pemirsa untuk beroperasi. Tiga kali setahun stasiun memegang janji drive meminta pemirsa dan pendengar untuk membuat kontribusi atau menghadapi kemungkinan penurunan pemrograman. Menurut stasiun, hanya 10 dari penonton membuat kontribusi. Ini menunjukkan masalah free rider yang sangat besar namun stasiun ini mampu bertahan karena dua alasan. Pertama stasiun ini sebagian didanai oleh pemerintah, tetapi tidak dapat bertahan hidup pada dana pemerintah saja. Kedua stasiun mengandalkan sumbangan dari yayasan atau orang-orang kaya yang mampu memberikan jauh lebih banyak daripada rata-rata pendengar atau pemirsa. Selama 2009 Musim Dingin keanggotaan drive, stasiun menceritakan kisah seorang individu yang telah mendengarkan stasiun selama lebih dari sepuluh tahun belum pernah memberikan kontribusi. Individu ini mengatakan satu-satunya alasan dia tidak adalah karena dia tahu orang lain akan. Itulah esensi dari Free Rider Masalah, keyakinan bahwa orang lain akan melakukannya. Kembang api misalnya menggambarkan "free rider" masalah. Bahkan jika kembang api acara bernilai sepuluh dolar untuk setiap orang, tidak ada yang akan membayar sepuluh dolar untuk pengusaha. Setiap orang akan berusaha untuk "bebas naik" dengan memungkinkan orang lain untuk membayar untuk pertunjukan, dan kemudian menonton secara gratis dari nya halaman belakang. Jika masalah free rider tidak dapat diselesaikan, barang dan jasa yang berharga, orang-orang yang orang ingin dan sebaliknya akan bersedia untuk membayar, akan tetap underproduced. Dengan demikian, menciptakan kegagalan pasar karena tidak menguntungkan bagi bisnis untuk terus menghasilkan. Sebuah contoh dunia nyata dari masalah free rider digambarkan di kota Cambridge, Inggris. Kota berusaha untuk menyediakan transportasi publik dalam bentuk tiga ratus lima puluh sepeda sebagai barang publik. Sepeda ini kemudian akan ditempatkan di sekitar kota dan bebas untuk siapa saja untuk digunakan. Mereka akan dibedakan oleh warna hijau sehingga sepeda milik pribadi tidak akan bingung dengan orang-orang umum. Namun, karena masalah free rider dalam waktu 4 hari semua sepeda telah dicuri dan dicat ulang untuk menyamarkan mereka sepeda sebagai milik pribadi. Tidak hanya kota kehilangan sekitar $ 20.000 tapi belajar pelajaran yang sangat nyata tentang bebas pengendara dalam masyarakat modern. (Gruber: Keuangan Publik dan Kebijakan Publik hal.185 dan diskusi kelas) The "free rider" masalah daun publik dengan tiga pilihan utama:



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