GROUP STRUCTURE 301 Research classic 8.2 Guards versus prisoners; role terjemahan - GROUP STRUCTURE 301 Research classic 8.2 Guards versus prisoners; role Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

GROUP STRUCTURE 301 Research classi

GROUP STRUCTURE 301

Research classic 8.2
Guards versus prisoners; role behaviour in a simulated prison

Philip Zimbardo was interested in investigating the way in which people can adopt and internalise roles to guide behaviour. He was also interested to establish that it is largely the prescription of the role rather than the person-ality ot the role occupant that governs in-role behaviour. In a famous role-playing exercise, twenty-four psycholog-ically stable male Stanford University student volunteers were randomly assigned the roles of prisoners or guards. The prisoners were arrested at their homes and initially processed by the police, then handed ovet to the guards in a simulated prison constructed in the basement of the Psychology Department at Stanford University
Zimbardo had planned to observe the role-playing exercise over a period of two weeks However he had to stop the study after six days Although the students were psychologically stable and those assigned to the guard or prisoner roles had no prior dispositional differences, things got completely out of hand. The guards continu-ally harassed, humiliated and intimidated the prisoners.

and they used psychological techniques to undermine solidarity and sow the seeds of distrust among them. Some guards increasingly behaved in a brutal and sadistic manner
The prisoners initially revolted but gradually became passive and docile as they showed symptoms of indi-vidual and group disintegration and an acute loss of contact with reality Some prisoners had to be released from the study because they showed symptoms of severe emotional disturbance (disorganised thinking, uncontrol-lable crying and screaming), and in one case, a prisoner developed a psychosomatic rash all over his body.
Zimbardo's role compliance explanation of what happened in the simulated prison (Haney, Banks & Zimbardo 1973) has recently been challenged Reicher and Haslam (2006) argue that the participants were confronted by a situation that raised their feelings of uncertainty about themselves and that in order to reduce this uncertainty they internalised the identities available (prisoners or guards), and adopted the appro-priate behaviours to define themselves. The process was one of group identification and conformity to group norms motivated by self-conceptual uncertainty (see Hogg, 2007b).

well-known social psychological illustration of the power of roles to modify behaviour is Zimbardo's (1971; Banuazizi & Movahedi, 1975) simulated prison experiment (see Box 8.2).
Ultimately, roles can actually influence who we are - our identity and concept of self (Haslam 8c Reicher, 2005). This idea has been extensively elaborated by sociologists to explain how social interaction and wider societal expectations about behaviour can create enduring and real identities for people - role identity theory (McCall 8c Simmons, 1978; Stryker 8c Statham, 1986; see Hogg, Terry 8c White, 1995).

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GROUP STRUCTURE 301 Research classic 8.2 Guards versus prisoners; role behaviour in a simulated prison Philip Zimbardo was interested in investigating the way in which people can adopt and internalise roles to guide behaviour. He was also interested to establish that it is largely the prescription of the role rather than the person-ality ot the role occupant that governs in-role behaviour. In a famous role-playing exercise, twenty-four psycholog-ically stable male Stanford University student volunteers were randomly assigned the roles of prisoners or guards. The prisoners were arrested at their homes and initially processed by the police, then handed ovet to the guards in a simulated prison constructed in the basement of the Psychology Department at Stanford University Zimbardo had planned to observe the role-playing exercise over a period of two weeks However he had to stop the study after six days Although the students were psychologically stable and those assigned to the guard or prisoner roles had no prior dispositional differences, things got completely out of hand. The guards continu-ally harassed, humiliated and intimidated the prisoners. and they used psychological techniques to undermine solidarity and sow the seeds of distrust among them. Some guards increasingly behaved in a brutal and sadistic manner The prisoners initially revolted but gradually became passive and docile as they showed symptoms of indi-vidual and group disintegration and an acute loss of contact with reality Some prisoners had to be released from the study because they showed symptoms of severe emotional disturbance (disorganised thinking, uncontrol-lable crying and screaming), and in one case, a prisoner developed a psychosomatic rash all over his body. Zimbardo's role compliance explanation of what happened in the simulated prison (Haney, Banks & Zimbardo 1973) has recently been challenged Reicher and Haslam (2006) argue that the participants were confronted by a situation that raised their feelings of uncertainty about themselves and that in order to reduce this uncertainty they internalised the identities available (prisoners or guards), and adopted the appro-priate behaviours to define themselves. The process was one of group identification and conformity to group norms motivated by self-conceptual uncertainty (see Hogg, 2007b). well-known social psychological illustration of the power of roles to modify behaviour is Zimbardo's (1971; Banuazizi & Movahedi, 1975) simulated prison experiment (see Box 8.2). Ultimately, roles can actually influence who we are - our identity and concept of self (Haslam 8c Reicher, 2005). This idea has been extensively elaborated by sociologists to explain how social interaction and wider societal expectations about behaviour can create enduring and real identities for people - role identity theory (McCall 8c Simmons, 1978; Stryker 8c Statham, 1986; see Hogg, Terry 8c White, 1995).
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GROUP STRUKTUR 301 Penelitian klasik 8,2 Pengawal vs tahanan; perilaku peran dalam penjara simulasi Philip Zimbardo tertarik menyelidiki cara di mana orang dapat mengadopsi dan menginternalisasi peran untuk membimbing perilaku. Dia juga tertarik untuk menetapkan bahwa itu adalah sebagian besar resep peran daripada orang-ality ot penghuni peran yang mengatur perilaku dalam-peran. Dalam latihan role-playing yang terkenal, dua puluh empat stabil laki Stanford University relawan mahasiswa Psikolog-turun tajam secara acak peran tahanan atau penjaga. Para tahanan ditangkap di rumah mereka dan awalnya diproses oleh polisi, kemudian diserahkan ovet ke penjaga di penjara simulasi dibangun di bawah tanah Departemen Psikologi di Universitas Stanford Zimbardo telah merencanakan untuk mengamati latihan peran-bermain selama dua Namun minggu ia harus berhenti studi setelah enam hari Meskipun siswa psikologis stabil dan mereka ditugaskan untuk peran penjaga atau tahanan tidak memiliki perbedaan disposisional sebelumnya, hal mendapat benar-benar keluar dari tangan. Para penjaga dilanju-sekutu dilecehkan, dihina dan mengintimidasi para tahanan. Dan mereka menggunakan teknik psikologis untuk melemahkan solidaritas dan menabur benih ketidakpercayaan di antara mereka. Beberapa penjaga semakin berperilaku dengan cara yang brutal dan sadis Para tahanan awalnya memberontak namun secara bertahap menjadi pasif dan patuh karena mereka menunjukkan gejala indi-vidual dan kelompok disintegrasi dan hilangnya akut kontak dengan realitas beberapa tahanan harus dibebaskan dari penelitian karena mereka menunjukkan gejala gangguan emosional berat (berpikir tidak teratur, uncontrol-label menangis dan menjerit), dan dalam satu kasus, seorang tahanan mengembangkan ruam psikosomatik seluruh tubuhnya. Peran penjelasan kepatuhan Zimbardo tentang apa yang terjadi di penjara simulasi (Haney, Bank & Zimbardo 1973) baru-baru ini ditantang Reicher dan Haslam (2006) berpendapat bahwa peserta berhadapan dengan situasi yang mengangkat perasaan mereka dari ketidakpastian tentang diri mereka sendiri dan bahwa untuk mengurangi ketidakpastian ini mereka diinternalisasi identitas tersedia (tahanan atau penjaga), dan mengadopsi perilaku appro-priate untuk mendefinisikan diri mereka sendiri. Proses adalah salah satu identifikasi kelompok dan kesesuaian dengan norma kelompok termotivasi oleh ketidakpastian diri konseptual (lihat Hogg, 2007b). Ilustrasi psikologis sosial terkenal kekuatan peran untuk memodifikasi perilaku adalah Zimbardo (1971; Banuazizi & Movahedi, 1975) percobaan penjara simulasi (lihat Kotak 8.2). Pada akhirnya, peran benar-benar dapat mempengaruhi siapa kita - identitas dan konsep diri (Haslam 8c Reicher, 2005) kami. Ide ini telah banyak diuraikan oleh sosiolog untuk menjelaskan bagaimana interaksi dan harapan masyarakat yang lebih luas tentang perilaku dapat membuat abadi dan identitas nyata bagi orang-orang sosial - teori identitas peran (McCall 8c Simmons, 1978; Stryker 8c Statham, 1986; lihat Hogg, Terry 8c Putih , 1995).














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