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Three-Stage Method
The Whiteheads' method of theological reflection moves through three stages. The first calls for reflectors to attend (listen) to the information yielded by the three sources of the model. The second stage expects a lively conversation among these sources with reflectors asserting their personal convictions while being open to other points of view. Unless this conversation is short circuited by either a domineering aggressiveness or a passive nonassertiveness, a consensus or shared understanding should emerge (which the Whiteheads liken to a crucible where diverse materials are transformed into a single substance). This leads to the third stage an appropriate pastoral response. This stage typically includes planning, implementing and evaluating in order to put the reflectors' decision into practice.
These stages correspond the general three-step form of theological reflection (which the Whiteheads helped to solidify). They elaborate each step with theoretical perspectives, drawn mostly from the social sciences, and practical recommendations, drawn from pastoral cases. The former manifests theological reflection's interdisciplinary openness and helps to ground personal reflection in a more scientific body of information. The latter helps to keep this style of theological reflection rooted in its primary goal of aiding the practice of ministry.
The attending stage of the method is a demanding exercise because it takes into account far more than personal feelings and desires, preferences and preconceptions. It requires persistent openness and ministerial asceticism to listen actively for the truth, however it may appear, and to respond with accurate understanding, evidenced by empathy and the ability to paraphrase another’s point of view.
Equally demanding is the second stage because reflectors are expected to allow all the relevant sources from the model to interact in a relatively unbiased conversation. Asserting one's theological convictions does not mean simply declaring "what I believe." It means making an informed judgment based on an awareness of today's religious pluralism and an acceptance of the adult responsibility to claim and hand on the faith effectively. Both stages require intellectual and spiritual maturity as well as a confidence that truth and meaning will emerge through the conversation rather than being brought ready-made to the discussion and imposed upon the experience. This degree of maturity cannot simply be presumed, which is one reason why the whiteheads recommend that theological reflection take place in a group that is well facilitated.
The theological reflection process is not complete until the reflectors have decided on the most appropriate course of action that their reflection suggests and have planned the steps to implement it. Practical action based on theological principles has always been an ideal of Christian ministry, but too often in the past theological principles were worked out in isolation from the practical situations in which they were to be applied. This left pastoral practitioners to rely on their own rules of thumb or on an anecdotal sense of ‘what works" in applying theology to ministry, One of the distinctive features of theological reflection, as the Whiteheads describe it, is that theological positions are formulated in conjunction with the pastoral situations in which they are to be put into practice. As a result, the pastoral response emerges from a particular context of ministy as it is theologically interpreted.
The variety of ministerial contexts that utilize this style of theological reflection is illustrated in the last section of the Whiteheads' book, where they invite four authors to share their experience and insights. The contexts for theological reflection that are discussed are adult learning, health ministry, Hispanic women and the church in China.
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