minerals (such as Ca, P, Mg and Zn - particularly Ca andP) (Jongbloed  terjemahan - minerals (such as Ca, P, Mg and Zn - particularly Ca andP) (Jongbloed  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

minerals (such as Ca, P, Mg and Zn

minerals (such as Ca, P, Mg and Zn - particularly Ca and
P) (Jongbloed et al., 2000; Valencia, 2002) in the diet.
Beneficial effects of organic acids on rabbits
The mucosa of the small intestine has a major role in the
digestion and absorption of nutrients and represents an
important area of defence against antigenic aggressions
in young rabbits (Gallois et al., 2005). The use of organic
acids appears interesting, even though scientific data
concerning their effect on microflora population, mucosal
immunity and growth performance are few and often
contradictory in rabbits (Falcao - e - Cunra et al., 2007).
The mode of action of these products on caecal
microflora is not also completely understood, although it
is demonstrated that organic acids play a direct action on
the bacterial cell integrity (Maertens et al., 2006).
The effects on digestibility and productive
performances due to inclusion of organic acids in rabbit
nutrition are not completely clear. Improvements in daily
gain have been reported in many studies, but no effects
were recorded by others (Hollister et al., 1990; Scapinello
et al., 2001). In addition, antimicrobial activity of organic
acids in rabbits has also been reported (Skřivanová and
Marounek, 2002), reducing the damage caused by both
Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Cardinali et
al., 2008). In contrast, in other studies testing sodium
butyrate (Carraro et al., 2005) and fumaric acid
(Scapinello et al., 2001) or formic acid (Skřivanová and
Marounek, 2007) no antimicrobial activity was indicated.
CONCLUSION
Modern animal production is trapped between
consumer’s concerns on animal and human health and
an increasing demand for animal products. Nowdays,
there is an increased public awareness about the risk of
developing cross-resistance of pathogens to antibiotics
(Corpet, 1996; Mathew et al., 2007; Hunter et al., 2010).
To overcome the ban on antimicrobial growth promoters
in Europe alternatives are needed to maintain high
productivity. A promising approach in pig and rabbit
nutrition is the use of organic acids. Digestive disorders
constitute the main health problem in weaned piglets and
rabbits and antibiotics are widely used for prevention of
infections and as a growth promoter, altering the gut
flora, suppressing bacterial catabolism and reducing
bacterial fermentation (Partanen, 2001; Papatsiros et al.,
2011; Pinheiro et al., 2004). As the use of organic acids
are becoming better accepted by feed manufacturers,
animal producers and public, there is a developing
interest in substituting them as an efficacious alternative
solution to antibiotics, in order to improve health status
and growth performance in swine and rabbits.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
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minerals (such as Ca, P, Mg and Zn - particularly Ca andP) (Jongbloed et al., 2000; Valencia, 2002) in the diet.Beneficial effects of organic acids on rabbitsThe mucosa of the small intestine has a major role in thedigestion and absorption of nutrients and represents animportant area of defence against antigenic aggressionsin young rabbits (Gallois et al., 2005). The use of organicacids appears interesting, even though scientific dataconcerning their effect on microflora population, mucosalimmunity and growth performance are few and oftencontradictory in rabbits (Falcao - e - Cunra et al., 2007).The mode of action of these products on caecalmicroflora is not also completely understood, although itis demonstrated that organic acids play a direct action onthe bacterial cell integrity (Maertens et al., 2006).The effects on digestibility and productiveperformances due to inclusion of organic acids in rabbitnutrition are not completely clear. Improvements in dailygain have been reported in many studies, but no effectswere recorded by others (Hollister et al., 1990; Scapinelloet al., 2001). In addition, antimicrobial activity of organicacids in rabbits has also been reported (Skřivanová andMarounek, 2002), reducing the damage caused by bothGram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Cardinali etal., 2008). In contrast, in other studies testing sodiumbutyrate (Carraro et al., 2005) and fumaric acid(Scapinello et al., 2001) or formic acid (Skřivanová and
Marounek, 2007) no antimicrobial activity was indicated.
CONCLUSION
Modern animal production is trapped between
consumer’s concerns on animal and human health and
an increasing demand for animal products. Nowdays,
there is an increased public awareness about the risk of
developing cross-resistance of pathogens to antibiotics
(Corpet, 1996; Mathew et al., 2007; Hunter et al., 2010).
To overcome the ban on antimicrobial growth promoters
in Europe alternatives are needed to maintain high
productivity. A promising approach in pig and rabbit
nutrition is the use of organic acids. Digestive disorders
constitute the main health problem in weaned piglets and
rabbits and antibiotics are widely used for prevention of
infections and as a growth promoter, altering the gut
flora, suppressing bacterial catabolism and reducing
bacterial fermentation (Partanen, 2001; Papatsiros et al.,
2011; Pinheiro et al., 2004). As the use of organic acids
are becoming better accepted by feed manufacturers,
animal producers and public, there is a developing
interest in substituting them as an efficacious alternative
solution to antibiotics, in order to improve health status
and growth performance in swine and rabbits.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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mineral (seperti Ca, P, Mg dan Zn - terutama Ca dan
P). (Jongbloed et al, 2000;. Valencia, 2002) dalam diet
Efek menguntungkan dari asam organik pada kelinci
Mukosa usus kecil memiliki peran utama dalam
pencernaan dan penyerapan nutrisi dan merupakan
area penting dari pertahanan terhadap agresi antigenik
pada kelinci muda (Gallois et al., 2005). Penggunaan organik
asam muncul menarik, meskipun data ilmiah
mengenai efeknya pada populasi mikroflora, mukosa
kekebalan dan kinerja pertumbuhan sedikit dan sering
bertentangan pada kelinci (Falcao - e -. Cunra et al, 2007).
Modus tindakan ini produk di sekum
mikroflora tidak juga sepenuhnya dipahami, meskipun
ditunjukkan bahwa asam organik memainkan aksi langsung pada
integritas sel bakteri (Maertens et al., 2006).
Efek pada kecernaan dan produktif
pertunjukan karena masuknya asam organik di kelinci
gizi yang tidak sepenuhnya jelas. Perbaikan dalam sehari
keuntungan telah dilaporkan dalam banyak studi, tetapi tidak ada efek
yang tercatat oleh orang lain (Hollister et al, 1990;. Scapinello
et al, 2001.). Selain itu, aktivitas antimikroba dari organik
asam pada kelinci juga telah dilaporkan (Skřivanová dan
Marounek, 2002), mengurangi kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh
bakteri Gram-negatif dan Gram-positif (Cardinali et
al., 2008). Sebaliknya, dalam penelitian lain pengujian natrium
butirat (Carraro et al., 2005) dan asam fumarat
(Scapinello et al., 2001) atau asam formiat (Skřivanová dan
Marounek, 2007) tidak ada aktivitas antimikroba diindikasikan.
KESIMPULAN
produksi hewan modern terperangkap antara
kekhawatiran konsumen terhadap hewan dan kesehatan manusia dan
peningkatan permintaan untuk produk-produk hewani. Saat ini,
ada kesadaran masyarakat meningkat tentang risiko
mengembangkan resistansi silang patogen terhadap antibiotik
(Corpet, 1996; Mathew et al, 2007;. Hunter et al, 2010.).
Untuk mengatasi larangan promotor pertumbuhan antimikroba
di Eropa alternatif diperlukan untuk mempertahankan tinggi
produktivitas. Sebuah pendekatan yang menjanjikan di babi dan kelinci
gizi adalah penggunaan asam organik. Gangguan pencernaan
merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di anak babi disapih dan
kelinci dan antibiotik secara luas digunakan untuk pencegahan
infeksi dan sebagai promotor pertumbuhan, mengubah usus
flora, menekan katabolisme bakteri dan mengurangi
fermentasi bakteri (Partanen, 2001;. Papatsiros et al,
2011 ; Pinheiro et al, 2004).. Seperti penggunaan asam organik
yang menjadi lebih baik diterima oleh produsen pakan,
produsen hewan dan publik, ada mengembangkan
minat menggantikan mereka sebagai alternatif berkhasiat
solusi untuk antibiotik, dalam rangka meningkatkan status kesehatan
dan kinerja pertumbuhan babi dan kelinci.
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