No Externalities/Spillovers A third problem with the Tiebout model is  terjemahan - No Externalities/Spillovers A third problem with the Tiebout model is  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

No Externalities/Spillovers A third

No Externalities/Spillovers
A third problem with the Tiebout model is that
it assumes that public goods have effects only in a given town and that the
effects do not spill over to neighboring towns. If such spillovers exist, there is a
case for provision of public goods at a higher level of government, or grants
that subsidize local purchases.
Imagine that my town is considering building a large new public park. This
park will be enjoyed primarily by individuals in my town, but many people from
neighboring towns will visit its beautiful grounds as well. Under the Tiebout
mechanism, when my town decides whether to build the park, it will consider
only the preferences of residents in my town, not the preferences of residents of
other towns who might enjoy the park. Thus, we face the standard problem with
public goods provision: since people in other towns are free riding on my town’s
park, my town will underprovide park services. If the social benefits (to my town
and all surrounding towns) exceed the cost of building the park, it should be
built, but if the private benefits to my town are smaller than the costs of building
the park, then it will not be built, which is socially inefficient.
Many local public goods have similar externality or spillover features: police
(if my town’s police department is not large enough, criminal activity in my
town might spill over to other towns); public works (if my town’s streets are
covered in potholes, the drivers from neighboring towns might suffer as they
drive through my town); education (the entire nation benefits from a more
educated citizenry), and so on. Thus, there is a fundamental trade -off with the
Tiebout approach. There are advantages to locally provided public goods for
small towns of similar individuals, but it may be optimal to provide public
goods that have external effects or spillovers to other towns at a higher level of
government that can internalize the externalities.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
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No Externalities/Spillovers A third problem with the Tiebout model is thatit assumes that public goods have effects only in a given town and that theeffects do not spill over to neighboring towns. If such spillovers exist, there is acase for provision of public goods at a higher level of government, or grantsthat subsidize local purchases.Imagine that my town is considering building a large new public park. Thispark will be enjoyed primarily by individuals in my town, but many people fromneighboring towns will visit its beautiful grounds as well. Under the Tieboutmechanism, when my town decides whether to build the park, it will consideronly the preferences of residents in my town, not the preferences of residents ofother towns who might enjoy the park. Thus, we face the standard problem withpublic goods provision: since people in other towns are free riding on my town’spark, my town will underprovide park services. If the social benefits (to my townand all surrounding towns) exceed the cost of building the park, it should bebuilt, but if the private benefits to my town are smaller than the costs of buildingthe park, then it will not be built, which is socially inefficient.Many local public goods have similar externality or spillover features: police(if my town’s police department is not large enough, criminal activity in mytown might spill over to other towns); public works (if my town’s streets arecovered in potholes, the drivers from neighboring towns might suffer as theydrive through my town); education (the entire nation benefits from a moreeducated citizenry), and so on. Thus, there is a fundamental trade -off with theTiebout approach. There are advantages to locally provided public goods forsmall towns of similar individuals, but it may be optimal to provide publicgoods that have external effects or spillovers to other towns at a higher level ofgovernment that can internalize the externalities.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Tidak ada Eksternalitas / spillovers
Masalah ketiga dengan model Tiebout adalah bahwa
hal itu mengasumsikan bahwa barang publik memiliki efek hanya di kota tertentu dan bahwa
efek tidak tumpah ke kota-kota tetangga. Jika spillovers seperti itu ada, ada
kasus untuk penyediaan barang publik di tingkat pemerintahan yang lebih tinggi, atau hibah
yang mensubsidi pembelian lokal.
Bayangkan bahwa kota saya sedang mempertimbangkan membangun taman umum baru yang besar. Ini
taman akan dinikmati terutama oleh individu di kota saya, tetapi banyak orang dari
kota-kota tetangga akan mengunjungi alasan yang indah juga. Di bawah Tiebout
mekanisme, ketika kota saya memutuskan apakah untuk membangun taman, akan mempertimbangkan
hanya preferensi warga di kota saya, bukan preferensi penduduk
kota-kota lain yang mungkin menikmati taman. Dengan demikian, kita menghadapi masalah standar dengan
penyediaan barang-barang publik: karena orang di kota-kota lain naik gratis di kota saya
taman, kota saya akan underprovide layanan taman. Jika manfaat sosial (ke kota saya
dan semua kota-kota sekitarnya) melebihi biaya membangun taman, itu harus
dibangun, tetapi jika manfaat pribadi ke kota saya lebih kecil dari biaya pembangunan
taman, maka tidak akan dibangun , yang tidak efisien secara sosial.
Banyak barang publik lokal memiliki eksternalitas atau spillover fitur serupa: Polisi
(jika departemen kepolisian kota saya tidak cukup besar, kegiatan kriminal di saya
kota mungkin tumpah ke kota-kota lain); pekerjaan umum (jika jalan-jalan kota saya yang
tercakup dalam lubang, driver dari tetangga kota-kota mungkin menderita karena mereka
melewati kota saya); pendidikan (seluruh manfaat dari bangsa yang lebih
warga berpendidikan), dan sebagainya. Dengan demikian, ada -off perdagangan mendasar dengan
pendekatan Tiebout. Ada keuntungan untuk diberikan secara lokal barang publik untuk
kota-kota kecil individu yang sama, tapi mungkin optimal untuk memberikan publik
barang yang memiliki efek eksternal atau spillovers ke kota-kota lain di tingkat yang lebih tinggi dari
pemerintah yang dapat menginternalisasi eksternalitas.
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