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If southern China's Liujiang skull

If southern China's Liujiang skull is really more than 100,000 years old, this modern Homo sapiens fossil will shake up theories of human evolution.

In 1958, farm workers digging in a cave in southern China's Liujiang County discovered several human bones including a skull. Relying on its resemblance to securely dated human fossils in Japan, scientists assigned this Homo sapiens skull an age of 20,000 to 30,000 years. The Liujiang finds may be much older than that, according to a report in the December Journal of Human Evolution. Liujiang Homo sapiens fossil Skull

The fossils probably came from sediment dating to 111,000 to 139,000 years ago, says a team led by geologist Guanjun Shea of Nanjing (China) Normal University. He and his co-workers add that it's still possible that the Liujiang discoveries came either from a cave deposit dating from around 68,000 years ago or from one dating to more than 153,000 years ago.

If any of these estimates pan out, "the Liujiang [specimen] is revealed as one of the earliest modern humans in East Asia," the team concludes. The presence of modern humans in this part of the world 100,000 years ago or more would roughly coincide with their earliest fossil dates in Africa and the Middle East.

Evidence of such ancient roots for Homo sapiens in China creates problems for the influential Out of Africa theory of human evolution, Shen's group says. That theory holds that modern humanity originated in Africa between 100,000 and 200,000 years ago and then spread elsewhere, replacing other Homo species. If the Liujiang dates were confirmed, Out of Africa adherents would need to find older African Homo sapiens fossils to show extremely quick migration from Africa to eastern Asia.

The new dates suggest that more-primitive-looking Chinese Homo fossils that date to 150,000 to 100,000 years ago represent a lineage that coexisted with modem humans, Shen proposes.

Scientific accounts from 1959 and 1965 of the Liujiang discoveries guided the determination of the fossils' likely burial site. Shen's team mapped various soil deposits in the cave and calculated the age of crystallised limestone samples by using the rate of uranium decay.

Uranium analyses at other sites support an ancient origin of modern humans in southern China, Shen says. Homo sapiens teeth found at two other caves in this region come from sediment that his group dates to at least 94,000 years ago.

Anthropologists with divergent views about human evolution say that the new age estimate for the Liujiang skull remains preliminary. It's still uncertain how the skull got in the cave and where it was originally buried, remarks Christopher B. Stringer of the Natural History Museum in London. Stringer, an Out of Africa proponent, says that Shen's team members need to date either the skull itself or the calcite clinging to its surface to make their case.

Milford H. Wolpoff of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor agrees. "I'd love for the Liujiang skull to be as old as Shen proposes, but we'll never know for sure without directly dating the specimen," Wolpoff holds. In his view, modern humanity evolved simultaneously in Africa, Asia, and Europe over the past 2 million years.

Shen says that he hopes to work out an agreement with Chinese officials in charge of the Liujiang skull to date the specimen directly.

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Jika Cina Selatan Liujiang tengkorak benar-benar lebih dari 100.000 tahun, fosil modern Homo sapiens ini akan mengguncang teori evolusi manusia.

pada tahun 1958, pekerja ladang yang menggali di sebuah gua di Cina Selatan Liujiang County menemukan beberapa tulang manusia yang termasuk sebuah tengkorak. Mengandalkan kemiripannya dengan aman tanggal fosil-fosil manusia di Jepang, ilmuwan ditugaskan Homo sapiens tengkorak usia 20.000-30.000 tahun. Penemuan-penemuan Liujiang mungkin jauh lebih tua daripada itu, menurut sebuah laporan di jurnal Desember evolusi manusia. Liujiang Homo sapiens fosil tengkorak

fosil yang mungkin datang dari sedimen dating ke 111,000 untuk 139,000 tahun lalu, mengatakan tim yang dipimpin oleh ahli geologi Guanjun Shea dari Universitas Normal Nanjing (Cina). Dia dan rekan-rekan kerjanya menambahkan bahwa itu masih mungkin bahwa penemuan Liujiang yang datang baik dari deposit gua kencan dari sekitar 68.000 tahun lalu atau dari satu dating ke lebih dari 153.000 tahun lalu.

jika salah satu perkiraan ini panci keluar, "Liujiang [spesimen] terungkap sebagai salah satu manusia moden awal di Asia Timur", tim menyimpulkan. Kehadiran manusia modern di bagian dunia 100.000 tahun yang lalu atau lebih kasar bertepatan dengan tanggal fosil mereka awal di Afrika dan Timur Tengah.

bukti akar kuno seperti Homo sapiens di Cina menciptakan masalah bagi berpengaruh dari Afrika teori evolusi manusia, kelompok Shen yang mengatakan. Teori yang berpendapat bahwa manusia modern yang berasal di Afrika di antara 100,000 dan 200.000 tahun yang lalu dan kemudian menyebar di tempat lain, menggantikan spesies Homo lain. Jika tanggal Liujiang dikonfirmasi, Out of Africa pengikutnya akan perlu untuk menemukan remaja Afrika Homo sapiens fosil menunjukkan sangat cepat migrasi dari Afrika ke Asia Timur.

tanggal baru menyarankan bahwa lebih primitif-tampak Homo Cina fosil yang tanggal ke 150.000 untuk 100,000 tahun lalu mewakili silsilah yang hidup berdampingan dengan manusia modem, Shen mengusulkan.

ilmiah akun dari tahun 1959 dan tahun 1965 penemuan Liujiang dipandu penentuan fosil yang mungkin situs pemakaman. Shen's tim dipetakan berbagai tanah deposito di dalam gua dan dihitung usia crystallised kapur sampel dengan menggunakan tingkat pereputan uranium.

Uranium analisis situs lain mendukung kuno asal manusia modern di Cina Selatan, Shen mengatakan. Homo sapiens gigi menemukan dua lain gua di wilayah ini datang dari sedimen yang kelompoknya tanggal ke setidaknya 94,000 tahun yang lalu.

antropolog dengan pandangan yang berbeda tentang evolusi manusia mengatakan bahwa perkiraan usia baru untuk tengkorak Liujiang tetap awal. Hal ini masih belum pasti bagaimana tengkorak masuk gua dan mana asalnya dikubur, pernyataan Christopher B. Stringer dari Natural History Museum di London. Stringer, pendukung dari Afrika, mengatakan bahwa anggota tim Shen yang perlu tanggal tengkorak sendiri atau kalsit menempel di permukaan untuk membuat kasus mereka.

Milford H. Wolpoff dari Universitas Michigan di Ann Arbor setuju. "Aku akan senang untuk tengkorak Liujiang menjadi setua Shen mengusulkan, tapi kita tidak akan pernah tahu pasti tanpa langsung kencan spesimen," Wolpoff memegang. Dalam pandangannya, modern kemanusiaan berkembang secara bersamaan di Afrika, Asia, dan Eropa selama masa lalu 2 juta tahun.

Shen mengatakan bahwa dia berharap untuk bekerja di luar kesepakatan dengan para pejabat Cina bertugas tengkorak Liujiang to-date spesimen langsung.

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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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If southern China's Liujiang skull is really more than 100,000 years old, this modern Homo sapiens fossil will shake up theories of human evolution.

In 1958, farm workers digging in a cave in southern China's Liujiang County discovered several human bones including a skull. Relying on its resemblance to securely dated human fossils in Japan, scientists assigned this Homo sapiens skull an age of 20,000 to 30,000 years. The Liujiang finds may be much older than that, according to a report in the December Journal of Human Evolution. Liujiang Homo sapiens fossil Skull

The fossils probably came from sediment dating to 111,000 to 139,000 years ago, says a team led by geologist Guanjun Shea of Nanjing (China) Normal University. He and his co-workers add that it's still possible that the Liujiang discoveries came either from a cave deposit dating from around 68,000 years ago or from one dating to more than 153,000 years ago.

If any of these estimates pan out, "the Liujiang [specimen] is revealed as one of the earliest modern humans in East Asia," the team concludes. The presence of modern humans in this part of the world 100,000 years ago or more would roughly coincide with their earliest fossil dates in Africa and the Middle East.

Evidence of such ancient roots for Homo sapiens in China creates problems for the influential Out of Africa theory of human evolution, Shen's group says. That theory holds that modern humanity originated in Africa between 100,000 and 200,000 years ago and then spread elsewhere, replacing other Homo species. If the Liujiang dates were confirmed, Out of Africa adherents would need to find older African Homo sapiens fossils to show extremely quick migration from Africa to eastern Asia.

The new dates suggest that more-primitive-looking Chinese Homo fossils that date to 150,000 to 100,000 years ago represent a lineage that coexisted with modem humans, Shen proposes.

Scientific accounts from 1959 and 1965 of the Liujiang discoveries guided the determination of the fossils' likely burial site. Shen's team mapped various soil deposits in the cave and calculated the age of crystallised limestone samples by using the rate of uranium decay.

Uranium analyses at other sites support an ancient origin of modern humans in southern China, Shen says. Homo sapiens teeth found at two other caves in this region come from sediment that his group dates to at least 94,000 years ago.

Anthropologists with divergent views about human evolution say that the new age estimate for the Liujiang skull remains preliminary. It's still uncertain how the skull got in the cave and where it was originally buried, remarks Christopher B. Stringer of the Natural History Museum in London. Stringer, an Out of Africa proponent, says that Shen's team members need to date either the skull itself or the calcite clinging to its surface to make their case.

Milford H. Wolpoff of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor agrees. "I'd love for the Liujiang skull to be as old as Shen proposes, but we'll never know for sure without directly dating the specimen," Wolpoff holds. In his view, modern humanity evolved simultaneously in Africa, Asia, and Europe over the past 2 million years.

Shen says that he hopes to work out an agreement with Chinese officials in charge of the Liujiang skull to date the specimen directly.

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