DiscussionIn the era of a knowledge-based economy in which knowledge i terjemahan - DiscussionIn the era of a knowledge-based economy in which knowledge i Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

DiscussionIn the era of a knowledge

Discussion
In the era of a knowledge-based economy in which knowledge is power, many
people are not willing to share knowledge. In addition, knowledge is most likely
to be their greatest guarantee for continued job security and promotion (Bartol,
Liu, Zeng, & Wu, 2009). Therefore, managers need to induce and encourage
knowledge-sharing behavior in their employees. Because it is individuals who
56 KNOWLEDGE-SHARING SATISFACTION
actually engage in knowledge sharing and learning, we should aim to gain
a better understanding of knowledge sharing at the microlevel (Foss, 2007;
Michailova & Foss, 2009). Previous researchers have gained little understanding
of this satisfaction, which is such an important factor of knowledge sharing. In
this study, based on the social exchange and motivation theories, I explored how
knowledge-sharing satisfaction affected knowledge-sharing behavior.
I applied social exchange theory with the aim of explaining whether the
satisfaction of an employee within a knowledge-sharing environment could
enhance their knowledge-sharing behavior. The empirical results showed that
when employee was more satisfied with their knowledge-sharing environment,
more knowledge-sharing behavior occurred. The result is consistent with that
gained in previous studies, that is, when knowledge holders expect that current
knowledge sharing can be rewarded easily in the future, then a higher level of
knowledge-sharing behavior is promoted (Cabrera & Cabrera, 2005; Wu et al.,
2009).
I also applied motivation theory to explain how individuals’ satisfaction of
extrinsic, intrinsic, and altruistic motivation could strengthen their knowledgesharing
behavior. The empirical results showed that the higher the KSS of
intrinsic and altruistic motivation, the greater was the employee’s knowledgesharing
behavior. However, the findings also showed that the higher the
employee’s satisfaction of extrinsic motivation, the less willing they were to
engage in knowledge-sharing behavior, which was contrary to my expectations.
Similarly, previous researchers have indicated that excessive dependence on
external economic motivation may reduce knowledge-sharing intention and
behavior (Bock et al., 2005; Gagné, 2009). Therefore, when the main driving
forces for knowledge sharing are economic (extrinsic motivation), employees
may be more reluctant to share their knowledge so that they can obtain relatively
high rewards. Overall, the results were relatively in line with the findings
in previous studies showing that intrinsic motivation has a stronger positive
influence on knowledge sharing than does extrinsic motivation. In addition,
another contribution to knowledge-sharing research is the introduction of the
concept of altruistic motivation in this study.
In practice, because higher satisfaction with knowledge sharing is more
conducive to knowledge-sharing behavior, managers should make the best use
of organizational design and human resource management activities to enhance
the KSS of employees. With regard to the working environment of the company,
organizations could establish a friendly knowledge-sharing environment, such as
open communication spaces and canteens. In addition, they could offer public
appreciation to enhance the satisfaction of intrinsic motivation of knowledge
sharers. When selecting new employees, employers could focus on applicants
KNOWLEDGE-SHARING SATISFACTION 57
with relatively high altruistic tendencies because this type of applicant may
hold a more positive attitude towards knowledge sharing. Moreover, in many
previous studies it has been suggested that organizations could give appropriate
knowledge-sharing feedback through a reward system to enhance satisfaction
with extrinsic motivation (Bock et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2011; Lin, H-F., 2007).
According to the results in this study, however, excessive emphasis on economics
(extrinsic motivation) may cause employees to be reluctant to share their
knowledge, resulting in the opposite of the desired effect. Therefore, managers
should be very careful in the design of any reward system.
There are limitations in this study. First, I used a cross-section of data to verify
the hypotheses, but longitudinal data would be more suitable for the verification
of the causality hypothesis. Secondly, the empirical data mainly came from the
self-reports of R&D members, which might have caused the problem of common
method bias. In future studies, researchers could consider different sources of
empirical data, for example, knowledge sharers could respond to the measure
of KSS in this study while the knowledge-sharing behavioral scale could be
evaluated by colleagues. Finally, although human resource management practices
most likely have a significant influence on KSS, I did not consider the important
variable of human resource management practices. Therefore, future researchers
could explore the relationship between human resource management practices
and KSS.
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Discussion
In the era of a knowledge-based economy in which knowledge is power, many
people are not willing to share knowledge. In addition, knowledge is most likely
to be their greatest guarantee for continued job security and promotion (Bartol,
Liu, Zeng, & Wu, 2009). Therefore, managers need to induce and encourage
knowledge-sharing behavior in their employees. Because it is individuals who
56 KNOWLEDGE-SHARING SATISFACTION
actually engage in knowledge sharing and learning, we should aim to gain
a better understanding of knowledge sharing at the microlevel (Foss, 2007;
Michailova & Foss, 2009). Previous researchers have gained little understanding
of this satisfaction, which is such an important factor of knowledge sharing. In
this study, based on the social exchange and motivation theories, I explored how
knowledge-sharing satisfaction affected knowledge-sharing behavior.
I applied social exchange theory with the aim of explaining whether the
satisfaction of an employee within a knowledge-sharing environment could
enhance their knowledge-sharing behavior. The empirical results showed that
when employee was more satisfied with their knowledge-sharing environment,
more knowledge-sharing behavior occurred. The result is consistent with that
gained in previous studies, that is, when knowledge holders expect that current
knowledge sharing can be rewarded easily in the future, then a higher level of
knowledge-sharing behavior is promoted (Cabrera & Cabrera, 2005; Wu et al.,
2009).
I also applied motivation theory to explain how individuals’ satisfaction of
extrinsic, intrinsic, and altruistic motivation could strengthen their knowledgesharing
behavior. The empirical results showed that the higher the KSS of
intrinsic and altruistic motivation, the greater was the employee’s knowledgesharing
behavior. However, the findings also showed that the higher the
employee’s satisfaction of extrinsic motivation, the less willing they were to
engage in knowledge-sharing behavior, which was contrary to my expectations.
Similarly, previous researchers have indicated that excessive dependence on
external economic motivation may reduce knowledge-sharing intention and
behavior (Bock et al., 2005; Gagné, 2009). Therefore, when the main driving
forces for knowledge sharing are economic (extrinsic motivation), employees
may be more reluctant to share their knowledge so that they can obtain relatively
high rewards. Overall, the results were relatively in line with the findings
in previous studies showing that intrinsic motivation has a stronger positive
influence on knowledge sharing than does extrinsic motivation. In addition,
another contribution to knowledge-sharing research is the introduction of the
concept of altruistic motivation in this study.
In practice, because higher satisfaction with knowledge sharing is more
conducive to knowledge-sharing behavior, managers should make the best use
of organizational design and human resource management activities to enhance
the KSS of employees. With regard to the working environment of the company,
organizations could establish a friendly knowledge-sharing environment, such as
open communication spaces and canteens. In addition, they could offer public
appreciation to enhance the satisfaction of intrinsic motivation of knowledge
sharers. When selecting new employees, employers could focus on applicants
KNOWLEDGE-SHARING SATISFACTION 57
with relatively high altruistic tendencies because this type of applicant may
hold a more positive attitude towards knowledge sharing. Moreover, in many
previous studies it has been suggested that organizations could give appropriate
knowledge-sharing feedback through a reward system to enhance satisfaction
with extrinsic motivation (Bock et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2011; Lin, H-F., 2007).
According to the results in this study, however, excessive emphasis on economics
(extrinsic motivation) may cause employees to be reluctant to share their
knowledge, resulting in the opposite of the desired effect. Therefore, managers
should be very careful in the design of any reward system.
There are limitations in this study. First, I used a cross-section of data to verify
the hypotheses, but longitudinal data would be more suitable for the verification
of the causality hypothesis. Secondly, the empirical data mainly came from the
self-reports of R&D members, which might have caused the problem of common
method bias. In future studies, researchers could consider different sources of
empirical data, for example, knowledge sharers could respond to the measure
of KSS in this study while the knowledge-sharing behavioral scale could be
evaluated by colleagues. Finally, although human resource management practices
most likely have a significant influence on KSS, I did not consider the important
variable of human resource management practices. Therefore, future researchers
could explore the relationship between human resource management practices
and KSS.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Diskusi
Dalam era ekonomi berbasis pengetahuan di mana pengetahuan adalah kekuatan, banyak
orang tidak bersedia untuk berbagi pengetahuan. Selain itu, pengetahuan yang paling mungkin
menjadi jaminan terbesar mereka untuk terus keamanan kerja dan promosi (Bartol,
Liu, Zeng, & Wu, 2009). Oleh karena itu, manajer perlu mendorong dan mendorong
perilaku berbagi pengetahuan karyawan mereka. Karena itu individu yang
56 PENGETAHUAN-SHARING KEPUASAN
sebenarnya terlibat dalam berbagi pengetahuan dan pembelajaran, kita harus bertujuan untuk mendapatkan
pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang berbagi pengetahuan di microlevel (Foss, 2007;
Michailova & Foss, 2009). Sebelumnya peneliti telah mendapatkan sedikit pemahaman
kepuasan ini, yang seperti faktor penting berbagi pengetahuan. Dalam
penelitian ini, didasarkan pada pertukaran sosial dan motivasi teori, saya mengeksplorasi bagaimana
kepuasan mempengaruhi perilaku berbagi pengetahuan berbagi pengetahuan.
Saya menerapkan teori pertukaran sosial dengan tujuan menjelaskan apakah
kepuasan karyawan dalam lingkungan berbagi pengetahuan bisa
meningkatkan perilaku berbagi pengetahuan mereka. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa
ketika karyawan lebih puas dengan lingkungan berbagi pengetahuan-mereka,
lebih perilaku berbagi pengetahuan terjadi. Hasilnya adalah konsisten dengan yang
diperoleh pada penelitian sebelumnya, yaitu, ketika pemegang pengetahuan berharap bahwa saat
berbagi pengetahuan dapat dihargai dengan mudah di masa depan, maka tingkat yang lebih tinggi dari
perilaku berbagi pengetahuan dipromosikan (Cabrera & Cabrera, 2005; Wu et al.,
2009).
Saya juga menerapkan teori motivasi untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kepuasan individu dari
ekstrinsik, intrinsik, dan motivasi altruistik bisa memperkuat knowledgesharing mereka
perilaku. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi KSS dari
motivasi intrinsik dan altruistik, semakin besar knowledgesharing karyawan
perilaku. Namun, temuan juga menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi
kepuasan karyawan motivasi ekstrinsik, kurang bersedia mereka untuk
terlibat dalam perilaku berbagi pengetahuan, yang bertentangan dengan harapan saya.
Demikian pula, para peneliti sebelumnya telah menunjukkan bahwa ketergantungan yang berlebihan pada
motivasi ekonomi eksternal mungkin mengurangi niat berbagi pengetahuan-dan
perilaku (Bock et al, 2005;. Gagne, 2009). Oleh karena itu, ketika pendorong utama
kekuatan untuk berbagi pengetahuan yang ekonomi (motivasi ekstrinsik), karyawan
mungkin lebih enggan untuk berbagi pengetahuan mereka sehingga mereka dapat memperoleh relatif
imbalan yang tinggi. Secara keseluruhan, hasil relatif sejalan dengan temuan
dalam studi sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa motivasi intrinsik memiliki positif kuat
mempengaruhi berbagi pengetahuan daripada motivasi ekstrinsik. Selain itu,
kontribusi lain untuk penelitian berbagi pengetahuan adalah pengenalan
konsep motivasi altruistik dalam penelitian ini.
Dalam prakteknya, karena kepuasan yang lebih tinggi dengan berbagi pengetahuan yang lebih
kondusif untuk perilaku berbagi pengetahuan, manajer harus membuat penggunaan terbaik
dari desain organisasi dan kegiatan manajemen sumber daya manusia untuk meningkatkan
KSS karyawan. Berkenaan dengan lingkungan kerja perusahaan,
organisasi dapat membangun lingkungan berbagi pengetahuan-ramah, seperti
ruang komunikasi yang terbuka dan kantin. Selain itu, mereka dapat menawarkan publik
apresiasi untuk meningkatkan kepuasan motivasi intrinsik pengetahuan
sharers. Ketika memilih karyawan baru, pengusaha bisa fokus pada pelamar
PENGETAHUAN-SHARING KEPUASAN 57
dengan kecenderungan altruistik relatif tinggi karena jenis pemohon dapat
mengadakan sikap yang lebih positif terhadap berbagi pengetahuan. Selain itu, dalam banyak
studi sebelumnya telah menyarankan bahwa organisasi bisa memberikan yang sesuai
berbagi pengetahuan-umpan balik melalui sistem reward untuk meningkatkan kepuasan
dengan motivasi ekstrinsik (Bock et al, 2005;. Chen et al, 2011;.. Lin, HF, 2007 ).
Menurut hasil penelitian ini, bagaimanapun, penekanan yang berlebihan pada ekonomi
(motivasi ekstrinsik) dapat menyebabkan karyawan enggan untuk berbagi mereka
pengetahuan, sehingga kebalikan dari efek yang diinginkan. Oleh karena itu, manajer
harus sangat berhati-hati dalam desain sistem reward.
Ada keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, saya menggunakan penampang data untuk memverifikasi
hipotesis, tetapi data longitudinal akan lebih cocok untuk verifikasi
hipotesis kausalitas. Kedua, data empiris terutama berasal dari
laporan diri anggota R & D, yang mungkin menyebabkan masalah umum
Bias metode. Dalam penelitian yang akan datang, peneliti dapat mempertimbangkan berbagai sumber
data empiris, misalnya, sharers pengetahuan bisa menanggapi ukuran
KSS dalam penelitian ini sementara skala perilaku berbagi pengetahuan-bisa
dievaluasi oleh rekan-rekan. Akhirnya, meskipun praktik manajemen sumber daya manusia
yang paling mungkin memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap KSS, saya tidak menganggap penting
variabel praktek manajemen sumber daya manusia. Oleh karena itu, para peneliti di masa depan
bisa mengeksplorasi hubungan antara praktek manajemen sumber daya manusia
dan KSS.
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