Journal of Business Case Studies – January/February 2009 Volume 5, Num terjemahan - Journal of Business Case Studies – January/February 2009 Volume 5, Num Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Journal of Business Case Studies –

Journal of Business Case Studies – January/February 2009 Volume 5, Number 1
9
Healthsouth Corporation:
The First Case Against A Company
Under The Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Zhemin Wang, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, USA
Zhijun Lin, Hong Kong Baptist University, China
Sophia Ju, Edmonds Community College, USA
ABSTRACT
HealthSouth Corporation, one of the nation’s largest healthcare providers, was the first company charged under the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. HealthSouth’s CEO, Richard Scrushy, and 16 of its executives were indicted for allegedly using a sophisticated scheme to overstate the company’s earnings by as much as $2.7 billion between 1986 and 2002. Fifteen of the sixteen indicted executives pleaded guilty and another was convicted by jurors. After five months of court hearing, Scrushy was acquitted of all criminal charges. However, he remains a defendant in 40 cases filed by former HealthSouth investors and creditors. This case is based on court materials and other publicly available information and has been used in several undergraduate and MBA courses. The case and the accompanying teaching notes have proven to be an effective tool in teaching students the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and in helping students become more ethically conscious.
Keywords: HealthSouth
PART ONE
ealthSouth Corporation, a Fortune 500 company, was founded in 1984 by its Chairman and CEO Richard Scrushy. Under Scrushy’s leadership, the company had enjoyed exponential growth throughout the 1990s. Analysts and shareholders alike praised Scrushy for turning the company from a regional player into one of the nation's largest healthcare providers. By the end of 2002, HealthSouth employed 51,000 people at 1,700 outpatient surgery, rehabilitation, and diagnostic imaging centers, rehabilitation hospitals, and acute-care medical centers located in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Puerto Rico, Canada, and Saudi Arabia.
As the Vice President of Accounts Payable at HealthSouth Corporation, Barbara Patton was responsible for creating and maintaining an internal control system to ensure that the accounts payable function was running smoothly, correctly, and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Barbara knew that the firm's independent auditors, Ernst & Young, placed a great deal of importance on tests of controls during their annual audits of HealthSouth Corporation. Barbara worked to continuously refine and improve the controls, taking into account the atmosphere of explosive growth in revenues and in accounts payable transactions at HealthSouth Corporation. She was proud of her system of controls, and was proud to work for HealthSouth Corporation.
On March 19, 2003, Barbara Patton went to work as normal; but, this day was anything but normal for HealthSouth. She would learn that the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was charging HealthSouth Corporation with falsifying at least $1.4 billion in profits since 1999 in order to meet Wall Street earnings expectations. The SEC further indicated that the scheme to overstate earnings (by as much as $2.7 billion) may have dated back to 1986, shortly after the company became public. In addition to investigations by the SEC, the Energy and Commerce Committee of the U. S. House of Representatives had also started an investigation into the actions of
H
Journal of Business Case Studies – January/February 2009 Volume 5, Number 1
10
both HealthSouth and Ernst & Young. The congressional investigation was on allegations that HealthSouth knowingly submitted a significant number of improperly billed rehabilitation therapy claims to the Medicare and Medicaid programs for higher reimbursements from these federal- and state-funded programs.
HealthSouth was the first company charged under the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Act was designed to increase the accountability of corporate executives. Under the Act, corporate executives are required to sign SEC filings to indicate that they have reviewed the financial statements for accuracy and compliance with GAAP. Executives are then personally responsible if the financial statements are found to be fraudulent. The charge against Richard Scrushy was the first levied against the chief executive of a major company since the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. HealthSouth' Board of Directors asked Scrushy to resign on March 31, 2003. The Board also dismissed Ernst & Young on the same date, for failing to detect the fraud.
PART TWO
After investing much time and effort into creating effective controls, Barbara Patton was stunned to learn that some of the earnings fraud had been perpetrated in the accounts payable function right under her nose. She quickly pieced together how it happened and became a crucial witness for the government, testifying before a federal judge in April 2003 to explain how the earnings fraud happened.
According to the testimony, each quarter HealthSouth’s senior accounting personnel would present Scrushy with the company’s actual earnings for the quarter. If the actual results fell short of Wall Street’s expectations, Scrushy would tell his senior accounting personnel to “fix it.” The senior accounting personnel, who referred themselves as “family members,” then would convene “family meetings” to discuss ways to “fix” the earnings shortfall. Rather than increasing earnings directly, they inflated earnings by decreasing a contra revenue account, called “contractual adjustment,” and by decreasing expenses. They felt that this approach would be more likely to escape detection by HealthSouth’s independent auditor. Contractual adjustment is a contra revenue (i.e., revenue allowance) account that estimates the difference between the gross amounts billed to the patients and the amounts that healthcare insurer will pay for the treatment. Because the amounts booked to this account are estimated, there is a limited paper trail and it’s more difficult to verify than other revenue entries.
Under GAAP, revenue increases and expense decreases must be accompanied by corresponding increases/decreases in assets or liabilities. However, under Barbara Patton’s control system, each invoice received by HealthSouth is entered into a computing system, which first conducts a “computer audit” and then creates a report as it generates checks for payment. In order to circumvent the control system, the fraud perpetrators decided to use manual entries in a computerized accounting system. They waited until monthly operating reports were completed by the computer, effectively sidestepping the system’s checks and balances. After the reports were completed, they typed in false transactions elsewhere in the computer system, which were later merged into consolidated corporate statements. They also created false increases in assets to cover up the inflated earnings. Earnings before taxes and minority interest for 2001 were overstated by as much as 4,700%. According to the SEC, the amounts of earnings overstatement by HealthSouth over the period from 1999 to 2002 were as follows:
Income (Loss) before Income Taxes and Minority Interests
(in million $)
1999 Form 10-K
2000 Form 10-K
2001 Form 10-K
For 6 months ended June 30, 2002
Actual
$(191)
$194
$9
$157
Reported
230
559
434
340
Overstated Amount
421
365
425
183
Overstated Percentage
220%
188%
4,722%
119%
Journal of Business Case Studies – January/February 2009 Volume 5, Number 1
11
Because the perpetrators in the fraud were aware of GAAP, they were able to make the false entries appear to be routine entries that complied with GAAP when Ernst & Young’s auditors reviewed the accounts payable and other accounting functions. The auditors did not detect anything out of the ordinary in the accounts payable function, either in Barbara's controls, or in the transactions themselves. Ernst & Young’s officials insisted that fraudulent actions by such a significant portion of management made it much more difficult for Ernst & Young to detect than it would have been in a company with a less pervasive environment of fraud surrounding the top management team.
PART THREE
The fallout from HealthSouth's fraud has been substantial. In July 2003, the Justice Department's investigators announced that they were widening the scope of their investigation to include witness intimidation and money laundering. By November 2003, sixteen HealthSouth executives, including five former Chief Financial Officers, had been charged for participating in a wide range of schemes to inflate HealthSouth’s earnings to meet Wall Street Expectations. Fifteen of them have pleaded guilty and another was convicted by jurors.
On November 4, 2003, Richard Scrushy was indicted on 85 criminal counts, including conspiracy to commit fraud. He was arrested on November 5, 2003. His trial started in January 2005 in Birmingham, Alabama. After five months of hearings and five weeks of jury deliberation, he was acquitted by the jurors of all criminal charges for directing the fraud to falsely inflate earnings. A year later, however, he was convicted of six counts of felony bribery, conspiracy, and mail fraud linked to his days as the chief executive of HealthSouth Corporation. In addition a federal judge has set trial for April 2, 2007 in Birmingham in a lawsuit filed by the Securities Exchange Commission against him over the HealthSouth Scheme. He is also the defendant of over 40 more cases filed by HealthSouth’s stockholders and bondholders. These lawsuits are expected to go to trial in late 2007.
HealthSouth Corporation survived the fraud investigations. PriceWaterhouseCoopers is the new independent auditor for the company. HealthSouth has avoided bankruptcy by consolidating operations and working to convince customers, employees, and creditors that they have a corporate governance policy in place to prevent frauds from happening again. Barbara Patton is no longer employed at HealthSouth Corporation
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Journal of Business Case Studies – January/February 2009 Volume 5, Number 19Healthsouth Corporation:The First Case Against A CompanyUnder The Sarbanes-Oxley ActZhemin Wang, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, USAZhijun Lin, Hong Kong Baptist University, ChinaSophia Ju, Edmonds Community College, USAABSTRACTHealthSouth Corporation, one of the nation’s largest healthcare providers, was the first company charged under the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. HealthSouth’s CEO, Richard Scrushy, and 16 of its executives were indicted for allegedly using a sophisticated scheme to overstate the company’s earnings by as much as $2.7 billion between 1986 and 2002. Fifteen of the sixteen indicted executives pleaded guilty and another was convicted by jurors. After five months of court hearing, Scrushy was acquitted of all criminal charges. However, he remains a defendant in 40 cases filed by former HealthSouth investors and creditors. This case is based on court materials and other publicly available information and has been used in several undergraduate and MBA courses. The case and the accompanying teaching notes have proven to be an effective tool in teaching students the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and in helping students become more ethically conscious.Keywords: HealthSouthPART ONEealthSouth Corporation, a Fortune 500 company, was founded in 1984 by its Chairman and CEO Richard Scrushy. Under Scrushy’s leadership, the company had enjoyed exponential growth throughout the 1990s. Analysts and shareholders alike praised Scrushy for turning the company from a regional player into one of the nation's largest healthcare providers. By the end of 2002, HealthSouth employed 51,000 people at 1,700 outpatient surgery, rehabilitation, and diagnostic imaging centers, rehabilitation hospitals, and acute-care medical centers located in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Puerto Rico, Canada, and Saudi Arabia.As the Vice President of Accounts Payable at HealthSouth Corporation, Barbara Patton was responsible for creating and maintaining an internal control system to ensure that the accounts payable function was running smoothly, correctly, and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Barbara knew that the firm's independent auditors, Ernst & Young, placed a great deal of importance on tests of controls during their annual audits of HealthSouth Corporation. Barbara worked to continuously refine and improve the controls, taking into account the atmosphere of explosive growth in revenues and in accounts payable transactions at HealthSouth Corporation. She was proud of her system of controls, and was proud to work for HealthSouth Corporation.On March 19, 2003, Barbara Patton went to work as normal; but, this day was anything but normal for HealthSouth. She would learn that the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was charging HealthSouth Corporation with falsifying at least $1.4 billion in profits since 1999 in order to meet Wall Street earnings expectations. The SEC further indicated that the scheme to overstate earnings (by as much as $2.7 billion) may have dated back to 1986, shortly after the company became public. In addition to investigations by the SEC, the Energy and Commerce Committee of the U. S. House of Representatives had also started an investigation into the actions ofHJournal of Business Case Studies – January/February 2009 Volume 5, Number 110both HealthSouth and Ernst & Young. The congressional investigation was on allegations that HealthSouth knowingly submitted a significant number of improperly billed rehabilitation therapy claims to the Medicare and Medicaid programs for higher reimbursements from these federal- and state-funded programs.HealthSouth was the first company charged under the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Act was designed to increase the accountability of corporate executives. Under the Act, corporate executives are required to sign SEC filings to indicate that they have reviewed the financial statements for accuracy and compliance with GAAP. Executives are then personally responsible if the financial statements are found to be fraudulent. The charge against Richard Scrushy was the first levied against the chief executive of a major company since the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. HealthSouth' Board of Directors asked Scrushy to resign on March 31, 2003. The Board also dismissed Ernst & Young on the same date, for failing to detect the fraud.PART TWOAfter investing much time and effort into creating effective controls, Barbara Patton was stunned to learn that some of the earnings fraud had been perpetrated in the accounts payable function right under her nose. She quickly pieced together how it happened and became a crucial witness for the government, testifying before a federal judge in April 2003 to explain how the earnings fraud happened.According to the testimony, each quarter HealthSouth’s senior accounting personnel would present Scrushy with the company’s actual earnings for the quarter. If the actual results fell short of Wall Street’s expectations, Scrushy would tell his senior accounting personnel to “fix it.” The senior accounting personnel, who referred themselves as “family members,” then would convene “family meetings” to discuss ways to “fix” the earnings shortfall. Rather than increasing earnings directly, they inflated earnings by decreasing a contra revenue account, called “contractual adjustment,” and by decreasing expenses. They felt that this approach would be more likely to escape detection by HealthSouth’s independent auditor. Contractual adjustment is a contra revenue (i.e., revenue allowance) account that estimates the difference between the gross amounts billed to the patients and the amounts that healthcare insurer will pay for the treatment. Because the amounts booked to this account are estimated, there is a limited paper trail and it’s more difficult to verify than other revenue entries.Under GAAP, revenue increases and expense decreases must be accompanied by corresponding increases/decreases in assets or liabilities. However, under Barbara Patton’s control system, each invoice received by HealthSouth is entered into a computing system, which first conducts a “computer audit” and then creates a report as it generates checks for payment. In order to circumvent the control system, the fraud perpetrators decided to use manual entries in a computerized accounting system. They waited until monthly operating reports were completed by the computer, effectively sidestepping the system’s checks and balances. After the reports were completed, they typed in false transactions elsewhere in the computer system, which were later merged into consolidated corporate statements. They also created false increases in assets to cover up the inflated earnings. Earnings before taxes and minority interest for 2001 were overstated by as much as 4,700%. According to the SEC, the amounts of earnings overstatement by HealthSouth over the period from 1999 to 2002 were as follows:Income (Loss) before Income Taxes and Minority Interests(in million $)1999 Form 10-K2000 Form 10-K2001 Form 10-KFor 6 months ended June 30, 2002Actual$(191)$194$9$157Reported230559434340Overstated Amount421365425183Overstated Percentage220%188%4,722%119%Journal of Business Case Studies – January/February 2009 Volume 5, Number 111Because the perpetrators in the fraud were aware of GAAP, they were able to make the false entries appear to be routine entries that complied with GAAP when Ernst & Young’s auditors reviewed the accounts payable and other accounting functions. The auditors did not detect anything out of the ordinary in the accounts payable function, either in Barbara's controls, or in the transactions themselves. Ernst & Young’s officials insisted that fraudulent actions by such a significant portion of management made it much more difficult for Ernst & Young to detect than it would have been in a company with a less pervasive environment of fraud surrounding the top management team.PART THREEThe fallout from HealthSouth's fraud has been substantial. In July 2003, the Justice Department's investigators announced that they were widening the scope of their investigation to include witness intimidation and money laundering. By November 2003, sixteen HealthSouth executives, including five former Chief Financial Officers, had been charged for participating in a wide range of schemes to inflate HealthSouth’s earnings to meet Wall Street Expectations. Fifteen of them have pleaded guilty and another was convicted by jurors.On November 4, 2003, Richard Scrushy was indicted on 85 criminal counts, including conspiracy to commit fraud. He was arrested on November 5, 2003. His trial started in January 2005 in Birmingham, Alabama. After five months of hearings and five weeks of jury deliberation, he was acquitted by the jurors of all criminal charges for directing the fraud to falsely inflate earnings. A year later, however, he was convicted of six counts of felony bribery, conspiracy, and mail fraud linked to his days as the chief executive of HealthSouth Corporation. In addition a federal judge has set trial for April 2, 2007 in Birmingham in a lawsuit filed by the Securities Exchange Commission against him over the HealthSouth Scheme. He is also the defendant of over 40 more cases filed by HealthSouth’s stockholders and bondholders. These lawsuits are expected to go to trial in late 2007.HealthSouth Corporation survived the fraud investigations. PriceWaterhouseCoopers is the new independent auditor for the company. HealthSouth has avoided bankruptcy by consolidating operations and working to convince customers, employees, and creditors that they have a corporate governance policy in place to prevent frauds from happening again. Barbara Patton is no longer employed at HealthSouth Corporation
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Jurnal Bisnis Studi Kasus - Januari / Februari 2009 Volume 5, Nomor 1
9
HealthSouth Korporasi:
Pertama Kasus Terhadap Perusahaan
Under The Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Zhemin Wang, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, USA
Zhijun Lin, Hong Kong Baptist University, Cina
sophia Ju, Edmonds Community College, Amerika
ABSTRAK
HealthSouth Corporation, salah satu penyedia layanan kesehatan terbesar bangsa, merupakan perusahaan pertama yang dikenakan berdasarkan ketentuan Undang-Undang Sarbanes-Oxley. CEO HealthSouth, Richard Scrushy, dan 16 eksekutif perusahaan telah didakwa karena diduga menggunakan skema canggih untuk melebih-lebihkan pendapatan perusahaan sebanyak $ 2700000000 antara tahun 1986 dan 2002. Lima belas dari enam belas eksekutif didakwa mengaku bersalah dan lain dihukum oleh juri. Setelah lima bulan dari sidang pengadilan, Scrushy dibebaskan dari semua tuntutan pidana. Namun, ia tetap menjadi terdakwa dalam 40 kasus yang diajukan oleh mantan investor dan kreditor HealthSouth. Kasus ini didasarkan pada bahan pengadilan dan informasi lain yang tersedia untuk umum dan telah digunakan di beberapa sarjana dan MBA. Kasus dan catatan mengajar yang menyertainya telah terbukti menjadi alat yang efektif dalam mengajar siswa Sarbanes-Oxley Act dan dalam membantu siswa menjadi lebih etis sadar.
Kata kunci: HealthSouth
PART ONE
ealthSouth Corporation, sebuah perusahaan Fortune 500, didirikan pada tahun 1984 oleh nya Chairman dan CEO Richard Scrushy. Di bawah kepemimpinan Scrushy, perusahaan telah menikmati pertumbuhan eksponensial sepanjang 1990-an. Analis dan pemegang saham sama memuji Scrushy untuk mengubah perusahaan dari pemain regional menjadi salah satu penyedia layanan kesehatan terbesar di negara itu. Pada akhir tahun 2002, HealthSouth dipekerjakan 51.000 orang di operasi 1.700 rawat jalan, rehabilitasi, dan pusat-pusat pencitraan diagnostik, rumah sakit rehabilitasi, dan perawatan akut pusat kesehatan yang terletak di Amerika Serikat, Inggris, Australia, Puerto Rico, Kanada, dan Arab Saudi.
Sebagai Wakil Presiden Hutang di HealthSouth Corporation, Barbara Patton bertanggung jawab untuk menciptakan dan memelihara sistem pengendalian internal untuk memastikan bahwa rekening fungsi hutang berjalan dengan lancar, benar, dan sesuai dengan prinsip akuntansi yang berlaku umum (GAAP). Barbara tahu bahwa auditor independen perusahaan, Ernst & Young, menempatkan banyak pentingnya pada tes kontrol selama audit tahunan mereka dari HealthSouth Corporation. Barbara bekerja untuk terus memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kontrol, dengan mempertimbangkan suasana ledakan pertumbuhan pendapatan dan rekening transaksi hutang di HealthSouth Corporation. . Dia bangga sistem nya kontrol, dan bangga bekerja untuk HealthSouth Perusahaan
Pada tanggal 19 Maret 2003, Barbara Patton pergi bekerja seperti biasa; tapi, hari ini adalah apa-apa tapi normal untuk HealthSouth. Dia akan belajar bahwa Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adalah pengisian HealthSouth Perusahaan dengan memalsukan setidaknya $ 1,4 miliar pada keuntungan sejak tahun 1999 dalam rangka memenuhi harapan laba Wall Street. SEC lanjut menunjukkan bahwa skema untuk melebih-lebihkan laba (sebanyak $ 2700000000) mungkin tanggal kembali ke 1986, tak lama setelah perusahaan menjadi publik. Selain investigasi oleh SEC, Energi dan Perdagangan Komite DPR AS juga telah memulai penyelidikan ke dalam tindakan
H
Jurnal Bisnis Studi Kasus - Januari / Februari 2009 Volume 5, Nomor 1
10
baik HealthSouth dan Ernst & Young. Penyelidikan kongres pada tuduhan bahwa HealthSouth sengaja disampaikan sejumlah besar benar ditagih klaim terapi rehabilitasi untuk program Medicare dan Medicaid untuk penggantian biaya yang lebih tinggi dari federalisme dan program yang didanai negara.
HealthSouth adalah perusahaan pertama yang dikenakan berdasarkan ketentuan Sarbanes Undang-Undang -Oxley. UU itu dirancang untuk meningkatkan akuntabilitas eksekutif perusahaan. Menurut Undang-Undang, eksekutif perusahaan diwajibkan untuk menandatangani SEC untuk menunjukkan bahwa mereka telah mengkaji laporan keuangan untuk akurasi dan kepatuhan dengan GAAP. Eksekutif kemudian bertanggung jawab secara pribadi jika laporan keuangan yang ditemukan penipuan. Tuduhan terhadap Richard Scrushy adalah yang pertama dikenakan terhadap kepala eksekutif sebuah perusahaan besar sejak bagian dari UU Sarbanes-Oxley. Dewan HealthSouth 'Direksi diminta Scrushy untuk mengundurkan diri pada 31 Maret 2003. Dewan juga diberhentikan Ernst & Young pada tanggal yang sama, karena gagal untuk mendeteksi penipuan.
BAGIAN DUA
Setelah investasi banyak waktu dan usaha dalam menciptakan kontrol yang efektif, Barbara Patton adalah terkejut mengetahui bahwa beberapa penipuan laba telah dilakukan dalam rekening fungsi hutang tepat di bawah hidungnya. Dia cepat disatukan bagaimana hal itu terjadi dan menjadi saksi penting bagi pemerintah, bersaksi di depan seorang hakim federal pada April 2003 untuk menjelaskan bagaimana penipuan laba terjadi.
Menurut kesaksian, setiap kuartal personil akuntansi senior yang HealthSouth ini akan menyajikan Scrushy dengan perusahaan yang sebenarnya pendapatan untuk kuartal. Jika hasil aktual jatuh jauh dari harapan Wall Street, Scrushy akan memberitahu personil akuntansi seniornya untuk "memperbaikinya." Personil akuntansi senior, yang disebut diri mereka sebagai "anggota keluarga," kemudian akan mengadakan "pertemuan keluarga" untuk membahas cara-cara untuk " memperbaiki "kekurangan pendapatan. Daripada meningkatkan pendapatan secara langsung, mereka meningkat laba dengan mengurangi akun pendapatan kontra, yang disebut "penyesuaian kontrak," dan dengan biaya menurun. Mereka merasa bahwa pendekatan ini akan lebih mungkin untuk menghindari deteksi oleh auditor independen HealthSouth ini. Penyesuaian kontrak adalah pendapatan kontra (yaitu, tunjangan pendapatan) account yang memperkirakan perbedaan antara jumlah bruto ditagih kepada pasien dan jumlah yang perusahaan asuransi kesehatan akan membayar untuk pengobatan. Karena jumlah dipesan untuk akun ini diperkirakan, ada jejak kertas yang terbatas dan itu lebih sulit untuk memverifikasi dari entri pendapatan lainnya.
Berdasarkan GAAP, kenaikan pendapatan dan penurunan beban harus disertai dengan peningkatan yang sesuai / penurunan aktiva atau kewajiban. Namun, di bawah sistem kontrol Barbara Patton, setiap faktur yang diterima oleh HealthSouth dimasukkan ke dalam sistem komputasi, yang pertama melakukan "audit komputer" dan kemudian menciptakan sebuah laporan seperti itu menghasilkan cek untuk pembayaran. Dalam rangka untuk menghindari sistem kontrol, pelaku penipuan memutuskan untuk menggunakan entri manual dalam sistem komputerisasi akuntansi. Mereka menunggu sampai laporan operasi bulanan diselesaikan oleh komputer, secara efektif menghindar checks and balances sistem. Setelah laporan selesai, mereka mengetik transaksi palsu di tempat lain dalam sistem komputer, yang kemudian bergabung ke dalam laporan konsolidasi perusahaan. Mereka juga menciptakan peningkatan palsu dalam aset untuk menutupi pendapatan meningkat. Laba sebelum pajak dan hak minoritas untuk tahun 2001 dibesar-besarkan oleh sebanyak 4.700%. Menurut SEC, jumlah pendapatan berlebihan oleh HealthSouth selama periode 1999-2002 adalah sebagai berikut:
Laba (Rugi) sebelum Pajak Penghasilan dan Hak Minoritas
(dalam jutaan $)
Form 1999 10-K
2000 Form 10-K
2001 Form 10-K
Untuk 6 bulan yang berakhir 30 Juni 2002
Aktual
$ (191)
$ 194
$ 9
$ 157
Dilaporkan
230
559
434
340
Berlebihan Jumlah
421
365
425
183
Persentase Berlebihan
220%
188%
4722%
119%
Journal of Business Studi Kasus - Januari / Februari 2009 Volume 5, Nomor 1
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Karena pelaku dalam penipuan sadar GAAP, mereka mampu membuat catatan palsu tampak entri rutin yang memenuhi GAAP ketika auditor Ernst & Young meninjau hutang dan fungsi akuntansi lainnya. Auditor tidak mendeteksi sesuatu yang luar biasa dalam rekening fungsi hutang, baik dalam kontrol Barbara, atau dalam transaksi sendiri. Pejabat Ernst & Young menegaskan bahwa tindakan penipuan oleh seperti sebagian besar manajemen membuatnya jauh lebih sulit bagi Ernst & Young untuk mendeteksi dari itu akan berada di sebuah perusahaan dengan lingkungan yang kurang meresap penipuan sekitarnya tim manajemen puncak.
BAGIAN TIGA
The dampak dari penipuan HealthSouth ini telah substansial. Pada bulan Juli 2003, peneliti Departemen Kehakiman mengumumkan bahwa mereka memperluas ruang lingkup penyelidikan mereka untuk memasukkan saksi intimidasi dan pencucian uang. Pada bulan November tahun 2003, eksekutif HealthSouth enam belas, termasuk lima mantan Chief Financial Officer, telah didakwa untuk berpartisipasi dalam berbagai skema untuk mengembang laba HealthSouth untuk memenuhi Wall Street Harapan. Lima belas dari mereka telah mengaku bersalah dan lain dihukum oleh juri.
Pada tanggal 4 November 2003, Richard Scrushy didakwa atas 85 tuduhan kriminal, termasuk konspirasi untuk melakukan penipuan. Dia ditangkap pada tanggal 5 November 2003. Pengadilannya dimulai pada Januari 2005 di Birmingham, Alabama. Setelah lima bulan dari dengar pendapat dan lima minggu juri musyawarah, dia dibebaskan oleh juri dari semua tuntutan pidana untuk mengarahkan penipuan untuk palsu mengembang laba. Setahun kemudian, bagaimanapun, ia dihukum enam dakwaan kejahatan suap, konspirasi, dan penipuan mail terkait dengan hari-harinya sebagai kepala eksekutif HealthSouth Corporation. Selain seorang hakim federal telah menetapkan sidang 2 April 2007 di Birmingham dalam gugatan yang diajukan oleh Komisi Bursa Efek terhadap dirinya selama Skema HealthSouth. Dia juga terdakwa lebih dari 40 lebih kasus yang diajukan oleh pemegang saham dan pemegang obligasi HealthSouth ini. Tuntutan hukum ini diharapkan untuk pergi ke pengadilan pada akhir 2007.
HealthSouth Korporasi selamat penyelidikan penipuan. PriceWaterhouseCoopers adalah auditor independen baru bagi perusahaan. HealthSouth telah menghindari kebangkrutan dengan mengkonsolidasikan operasi dan bekerja untuk meyakinkan pelanggan, karyawan, dan kreditor bahwa mereka memiliki kebijakan tata kelola perusahaan di tempat untuk mencegah penipuan terjadi lagi. Barbara Patton tidak lagi bekerja di HealthSouth Perusahaan
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