communicative coping: participation in decision makinga first communic terjemahan - communicative coping: participation in decision makinga first communic Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

communicative coping: participation

communicative coping: participation in decision making
a first communicative strategy for coping with workplace burnout is participation in decision making (PDM). research has also indicated that PDM can decrease burnout in the workplace. Miller and colleagues (1990) found that perceived participation reduced burnout in a sample of hospital employees. Ray and Miller (1991) reached similiar conclusions in their study of elementary school teachers. in an experimental study, jackson (1983) found that employees who had an opportunity to participate in decisions experienced lower levels of strain and fewer intentions to leave their jobs.

communicative coping: social support
a second communicative avenue for coping with workplace stress and burnout is social support. voluminous research exist on social support as a means of protecting individuals from the major and minor stress of life (see Albrecht, Burleson, Goldsmith, 1995) for a review). in this section, we focus on the role of social support as a means of coping with job-related stress and burnout by considering the functions social support can play, the sources of social support for reducing strain in the workplace, and the mechanisms through which social support reduces burnout.

a wide variety of typologies have been proposed to categorize social support. most of typologies involve three major functions of social support.
- emotional support involves letting another person know that they are loved and cared for. emotional support might involve a message that boosts another's self-esteem ("i know you're bright enough to do well on the test") or a message that indicates unconditional regard ("you know i'll be proud of you no matter what
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communicative coping: participation in decision makinga first communicative strategy for coping with workplace burnout is participation in decision making (PDM). research has also indicated that PDM can decrease burnout in the workplace. Miller and colleagues (1990) found that perceived participation reduced burnout in a sample of hospital employees. Ray and Miller (1991) reached similiar conclusions in their study of elementary school teachers. in an experimental study, jackson (1983) found that employees who had an opportunity to participate in decisions experienced lower levels of strain and fewer intentions to leave their jobs.communicative coping: social supporta second communicative avenue for coping with workplace stress and burnout is social support. voluminous research exist on social support as a means of protecting individuals from the major and minor stress of life (see Albrecht, Burleson, Goldsmith, 1995) for a review). in this section, we focus on the role of social support as a means of coping with job-related stress and burnout by considering the functions social support can play, the sources of social support for reducing strain in the workplace, and the mechanisms through which social support reduces burnout.a wide variety of typologies have been proposed to categorize social support. most of typologies involve three major functions of social support.- emotional support involves letting another person know that they are loved and cared for. emotional support might involve a message that boosts another's self-esteem ("i know you're bright enough to do well on the test") or a message that indicates unconditional regard ("you know i'll be proud of you no matter what
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komunikatif koping: partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan
strategi komunikatif pertama untuk mengatasi kelelahan kerja adalah partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan (PDM). Penelitian juga telah menunjukkan bahwa PDM dapat menurunkan kelelahan di tempat kerja. Miller dan rekan (1990) menemukan bahwa partisipasi yang dirasakan berkurang burnout dalam sampel karyawan rumah sakit. Ray dan Miller (1991) mencapai kesimpulan serupa dalam studi mereka guru SD. dalam sebuah studi eksperimental, jackson (1983) menemukan bahwa karyawan yang memiliki kesempatan untuk berpartisipasi dalam keputusan mengalami tingkat yang lebih rendah dari ketegangan dan niat sedikit untuk meninggalkan pekerjaan mereka.

komunikatif koping: dukungan sosial
merupakan jalan komunikatif kedua untuk mengatasi stres di tempat kerja dan burnout adalah dukungan sosial. Penelitian tebal ada pada dukungan sosial sebagai sarana untuk melindungi individu dari stres besar dan kecil dari kehidupan (lihat Albrecht, Burleson, Goldsmith, 1995) untuk review). di bagian ini, kita fokus pada peran dukungan sosial sebagai sarana untuk mengatasi stres yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan dan burnout dengan mempertimbangkan fungsi dukungan sosial bisa bermain, sumber-sumber dukungan sosial untuk mengurangi ketegangan di tempat kerja, dan mekanisme melalui mana dukungan sosial mengurangi kelelahan.

berbagai tipologi telah diusulkan untuk mengkategorikan dukungan sosial. kebanyakan dari tipologi melibatkan tiga fungsi utama dari dukungan sosial.
- Dukungan emosional melibatkan membiarkan orang lain tahu bahwa mereka dicintai dan dirawat. dukungan emosional mungkin melibatkan pesan yang meningkatkan lain harga diri ( "saya tahu Anda cukup terang untuk melakukannya dengan baik pada tes") atau pesan yang menunjukkan hal tanpa syarat ( "Anda tahu saya akan bangga Anda tidak peduli apa
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