Pak J Commer Soc SciPakistan Journa

Pak J Commer Soc Sci

Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences

2013, Vol. 7 (1), 184-197


The Impact of Total Quality Management Practices towards Competitive Advantage and Organizational Performance:

Case of Fishery Industry in South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia



Musran Munizu

Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business
Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

E-mail: [e-mail]



Abstract

This study attempt to test the effect of Total Quality Management (TQM) practices towards competitive advantage and organizational performance. The design of this research has quantitative approach. Data was collected by questionnaire instrument. The unit of analysis is big and medium scale fishery companies. The respondents in this research are the managers of fishery companies. The study utilized primary data which is obtained through questionnaire. The number of population was 66 fishery companies in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Random sampling is used in the study. 55 complete questionnaires were returned as a final sample. Three hypotheses have been developed through literature review and tested using Path Analysis performed by SPSS 18.00 software. The results show that TQM practices have positive and significant effect both on organizational performance and competitive advantage. Competitive advantage has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. Organizational performance is more influenced by competitive advantage than TQM practices.

Keywords: TQM practices, competitive advantage, organizational performance, operation management, fishery industry, Indonesia.

1. Introduction

Economic globalization brings both challenges and opportunities for industrial companies in Indonesia. Especially, manufacturing companies are confronted with a challenging and increasingly competitive environment. Therefore, they should be able to create conditions that support them both in the domestic and international markets. Both adopting and implementing a set of operations management practices was one of many ways to win the competition in the marketplace (Heizer and Render, 2004). There were many forms of best management practices in operation management area i.e. Just In Time (JIT) systems, Material Requirement Planning (MRP), Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing, Enterprises Resources Planning (ERP), Supply Chain Management (SCM), and Total Quality Management (TQM). One of the best forms of operations management practices is Total

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

Pak J Commer Soc Sci Pakistan Journal of Commerce dan Ilmu Sosial 2013, Vol. 7 (1), 184-197 Dampak Jumlah Praktek Manajemen Mutu terhadap Keunggulan Kompetitif dan Kinerja Organisasi: Kasus Industri Perikanan di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dari Indonesia Musran Munizu Jurusan Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia E- mail: [e-mail] Abstrak Penelitian ini upaya untuk menguji pengaruh Total Quality Management (TQM) terhadap praktik keunggulan kompetitif dan kinerja organisasi. Desain penelitian ini memiliki pendekatan kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan instrumen kuesioner. Unit analisis adalah perusahaan perikanan skala besar dan menengah. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah manajer perusahaan perikanan. Penelitian dimanfaatkan data primer yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner. Jumlah populasi adalah 66 perusahaan perikanan di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Pengambilan sampel acak yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. 55 kuesioner lengkap dikembalikan sebagai sampel akhir. Tiga hipotesis telah dikembangkan melalui kajian literatur dan diuji menggunakan Path Analysis yang dilakukan oleh SPSS 18.00 software. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik TQM berpengaruh positif dan signifikan baik pada kinerja organisasi dan keunggulan kompetitif. Keunggulan kompetitif memiliki efek positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja organisasi. Kinerja organisasi lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh keunggulan kompetitif dari praktek TQM. Kata kunci: praktik TQM, keunggulan kompetitif, kinerja organisasi, manajemen operasi, industri perikanan, Indonesia. 1. Pendahuluan Globalisasi ekonomi membawa tantangan dan peluang bagi perusahaan industri di Indonesia. Terutama, perusahaan manufaktur dihadapkan dengan lingkungan yang menantang dan semakin kompetitif. Oleh karena itu, mereka harus mampu menciptakan kondisi yang mendukung mereka baik di pasar domestik dan internasional. Kedua mengadopsi dan menerapkan seperangkat praktek manajemen operasi adalah salah satu dari banyak cara untuk memenangkan persaingan di pasar (Heizer dan Render, 2004). Ada banyak bentuk praktek pengelolaan terbaik di bidang manajemen operasi yaitu Just In Time (JIT) sistem, Material Requirement Planning (MRP), Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing, Usaha Resources Planning (ERP), Supply Chain Management (SCM), dan Total Quality Management (TQM). Salah satu bentuk terbaik dari praktek manajemen operasi adalah total