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terms by people who really know what is essential to being an elm or abeech.But a Lockean view can be revised quite easily to accommodate this‘division of linguistic labour’.12 Indeed, we can make it more complex: wecan distinguish various layers of users within a community. In particular,we might want to distinguish ordinary competent users from both theexperts and linguistic parasites. Ordinary competent users might bepeople, for example, who are quite good at telling elms from beecheswhen they’re faced with standard examples of both species (and so knowmore than Putnam), but who would expect to defer to the knowledge of anexpert when faced with an unusual instance of either kind. Any suchcomplexity of division of linguistic labour is easily accommodated within abroadly Lockean view by means of a different way of making more specificthe unspecific phrase ‘is believed’: what we need is simply for the kinds tobe defined by the beliefs of experts.
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