force and yawing moment are shown i

force and yawing moment are shown in Figs. 14 and 15, respectively.
A thrust is produced at all three frequencies. In Fig. 14,
positive values of force indicate thrust and negative values indicate
drag. Clearly, the device has produced more thrust than drag.
The net values of the moment can be made nonzero and acting
toward port or starboard by operating the flaps differentially. The
data in Fig. 15 have been used to design control laws for maneuvering
~Bandyopadhyay et al. @3#!. Observe the 90 deg phase difference
between axial force and yawing movement.
Yawing moment is at a maximum or a minimum when the flap
is at its extremity and axial force is at a maximum or a minimum
when the flap is at the mid-point of its travel.
3.3.2 Thrust Coefficient and Efficiency. The distributions of
the coefficient of axial force with Strouhal number are shown in
Fig. 16. The dual flapping foil data are compared with the twodimensional
theories of Lighthill @9# and Chopra @24# and the
two-dimensional measurements of Triantafyllou et al. @16# and
Isshiki and Murakami @25#. Our measurements are also compared
with the discrete forced vortex momentum model of Bandyopadhyay
@26#. Here, the mass of water affected per unit span of
flap, as contained in the discrete vortices formed at the salient
edges of the flaps, is taken to be

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

kekuatan dan yawing saat yang ditampilkan di ara dan 15, masing-masing.Dorongan adalah diproduksi di semua tiga frekuensi. Dalam gambar 14,nilai-nilai positif kekuatan menunjukkan dorong dan nilai-nilai negatif menunjukkantarik. Jelas, perangkat telah menghasilkan dorongan lebih daripada drag.Nilai-nilai bersih saat bisa dibuat bukan nol dan bertindakmenuju pelabuhan atau kanan dengan mengoperasikan tutup diferensial. Thedata dalam gambar 15 telah digunakan untuk merancang undang-undang kontrol untuk manuver~ Bandyopadhyay et al. @3 #!. Mengamati 90 derajat tahap perbedaanantara kekuatan aksial dan gerakan yawing.Yawing saat ini adalah maksimum atau minimum ketika flapdi ujung nya dan kekuatan aksial maksimum atau minimumKetika flap berada di titik pertengahan dalam perjalanan.3.3.2 dorong koefisien dan efisiensi. Distribusikoefisien kekuatan aksial dengan nomor Strouhal ditampilkan dalamRajah 16. Dual mengepak foil data dibandingkan dengan twodimensionalteori Lighthill @9 # dan Chopra @24 # dandua dimensi pengukuran Triantafyllou et al. @16 # danIsshiki dan Murakami @25 #. Pengukuran kami juga dibandingkandengan momentum diskrit paksa vortex model Bandyopadhyay@26 #. Di sini, massa air terpengaruh per unit rentangFlap, sebagaimana tercantum dalam pusaran diskrit dibentuk di penutuptepi flaps, diambil