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However, the high standards factor

However, the high standards factor of the MS appears to be measuring a different construct than the other two factors. Indeed, the correlation between the high standards factor and the other two factors are quite low and in the case of the revised high standards factor it is unrelated to the decision difficulty factor. Whether using the original or the revised Short MS the alternative search and decision difficulty factors are negatively correlated with need for cognition, whereas the two versions of the MTS and the high standards factor from the MS are positively related to need for cognition. Thus, it is possible that if one enjoys complex thinking and does not find the search process stressful then maximizing will not have the negative consequences predicted by Schwartz et al. (2002). Finally, we believe that the MTS (and the Re- vised MTS) are more in line with Simon’s (1955; 1956) definition of maximization as an optimization goal.
In regards to the psychometric properties of the MTS
and MS, both these scales suffer a number of shortcomings. However, contrary to Rim et al. (2011), the MTS was found to be unidimensional. In addition, removing three items resulted in a better overall fit. Therefore, future research should use the revised MTS. Although the MS provided good fit in regards to RMSEA, using other metrics the fit was poor. In regards to the IRT analysis, both scales did not fare well. Using our criterion for removal of items, we proposed that three items be removed from the MTS and that six items be removed from the MS. The proposed items contained little information in regards to the underlying construct and were low on item discrimination. Once these items were removed, the factor structure of both scales fared better. Using CFA, a three-factor model fit the data well for the MS and all the items had high factor loadings. Using CFA, the Revised MTS resulted in a single factor and a better overall fit than the original MTS. Nenkov et al. (2008) proposed an alternative 6-item MS to the original 13-item MS, which contains many of the same items that are in our revised scale. However, we believe that our revised 7-item MS better represents the construct of maximizing as defined by Schwartz et al. psychometrically because we were able to use IRT to perform item level analysis. Therefore, we were able to get rid of items that contained little information in regards to the construct of maximizing.
Schwartz et al. (2002) indicated that maximizers are generally unhappy. However, this appears to be true only when using the original 13-item scale. When using our revised MS, it appears that maximizers are not unhappy; however, maximization is still positively related to indecisiveness, avoidance, and regret. Thus, it appears that maximizing as measured by the MS is not related to life satisfaction or happiness, but rather the restlessness of maximizing. However, our Revised MTS is unidimensional, correlates positively with well-being, and is unrelated with regret. Thus, it appears that these two scales are not measuring the same construct.
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However, the high standards factor of the MS appears to be measuring a different construct than the other two factors. Indeed, the correlation between the high standards factor and the other two factors are quite low and in the case of the revised high standards factor it is unrelated to the decision difficulty factor. Whether using the original or the revised Short MS the alternative search and decision difficulty factors are negatively correlated with need for cognition, whereas the two versions of the MTS and the high standards factor from the MS are positively related to need for cognition. Thus, it is possible that if one enjoys complex thinking and does not find the search process stressful then maximizing will not have the negative consequences predicted by Schwartz et al. (2002). Finally, we believe that the MTS (and the Re- vised MTS) are more in line with Simon’s (1955; 1956) definition of maximization as an optimization goal.In regards to the psychometric properties of the MTSand MS, both these scales suffer a number of shortcomings. However, contrary to Rim et al. (2011), the MTS was found to be unidimensional. In addition, removing three items resulted in a better overall fit. Therefore, future research should use the revised MTS. Although the MS provided good fit in regards to RMSEA, using other metrics the fit was poor. In regards to the IRT analysis, both scales did not fare well. Using our criterion for removal of items, we proposed that three items be removed from the MTS and that six items be removed from the MS. The proposed items contained little information in regards to the underlying construct and were low on item discrimination. Once these items were removed, the factor structure of both scales fared better. Using CFA, a three-factor model fit the data well for the MS and all the items had high factor loadings. Using CFA, the Revised MTS resulted in a single factor and a better overall fit than the original MTS. Nenkov et al. (2008) proposed an alternative 6-item MS to the original 13-item MS, which contains many of the same items that are in our revised scale. However, we believe that our revised 7-item MS better represents the construct of maximizing as defined by Schwartz et al. psychometrically because we were able to use IRT to perform item level analysis. Therefore, we were able to get rid of items that contained little information in regards to the construct of maximizing.Schwartz et al. (2002) indicated that maximizers are generally unhappy. However, this appears to be true only when using the original 13-item scale. When using our revised MS, it appears that maximizers are not unhappy; however, maximization is still positively related to indecisiveness, avoidance, and regret. Thus, it appears that maximizing as measured by the MS is not related to life satisfaction or happiness, but rather the restlessness of maximizing. However, our Revised MTS is unidimensional, correlates positively with well-being, and is unrelated with regret. Thus, it appears that these two scales are not measuring the same construct.
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Namun, faktor standar yang tinggi dari MS tampaknya mengukur konstruk yang berbeda dari dua faktor lainnya. Memang, hubungan antara faktor standar yang tinggi dan dua faktor lainnya yang cukup rendah dan dalam kasus standar tinggi revisi faktor itu adalah terkait dengan faktor kesulitan keputusan. Apakah menggunakan asli atau direvisi Pendek MS faktor pencarian dan kesulitan keputusan alternatif berkorelasi negatif dengan kebutuhan kognisi, sedangkan dua versi dari MTS dan faktor standar yang tinggi dari MS berhubungan positif perlu untuk kognisi. Dengan demikian, adalah mungkin bahwa jika seseorang menikmati berpikir kompleks dan tidak menemukan proses pencarian stres maka memaksimalkan tidak akan memiliki konsekuensi negatif yang diperkirakan oleh Schwartz et al. (2002). Akhirnya, kami percaya bahwa MTS (dan Re- vised MTS) yang lebih sesuai dengan Simon (1955; 1956) definisi maksimalisasi sebagai tujuan optimasi.
Berkenaan dengan sifat psikometrik dari MTS
dan MS, baik skala ini menderita sejumlah kekurangan. Namun, bertentangan dengan Rim dkk. (2011), MTS ditemukan unidimensional. Selain itu, menghapus tiga item mengakibatkan keseluruhan lebih cocok. Oleh karena itu, penelitian masa depan harus menggunakan MTS direvisi. Meskipun MS disediakan cocok dalam hal RMSEA, menggunakan metrik lainnya fit adalah miskin. Dalam hal analisis IRT, baik skala tidak tarif baik. Menggunakan kriteria kami untuk penghapusan item, kami mengusulkan bahwa tiga item dihapus dari MTS dan bahwa enam item dihapus dari MS. Item yang diusulkan terdapat sedikit informasi dalam hal membangun mendasari dan rendah pada diskriminasi item. Setelah barang-barang ini telah dihapus, struktur faktor kedua skala bernasib lebih baik. Menggunakan CFA, model tiga faktor sesuai dengan data dengan baik untuk MS dan semua item memiliki faktor beban tinggi. Menggunakan CFA, MTS Revisi menghasilkan faktor tunggal dan secara keseluruhan lebih cocok daripada MTS asli. Nenkov dkk. (2008) mengusulkan alternatif 6-item MS dengan aslinya 13-item MS, yang berisi banyak item yang sama yang dalam skala direvisi kami. Namun, kami percaya bahwa revisi 7-item kami MS lebih baik mewakili konstruk memaksimalkan seperti yang didefinisikan oleh Schwartz et al. psychometrically karena kami mampu menggunakan IRT untuk melakukan analisis tingkat item. Oleh karena itu, kami mampu menyingkirkan barang-barang yang berisi sedikit informasi dalam hal membangun memaksimalkan.
Schwartz et al. (2002) menunjukkan bahwa maximizers umumnya bahagia. Namun, ini tampaknya benar hanya ketika menggunakan asli skala 13-item. Bila menggunakan MS direvisi kami, tampak bahwa maximizers tidak bahagia; Namun, maksimalisasi masih positif terkait dengan ketidaktegasan, penghindaran, dan penyesalan. Dengan demikian, tampak bahwa memaksimalkan yang diukur dengan MS tidak berhubungan dengan kepuasan hidup atau kebahagiaan, melainkan kegelisahan memaksimalkan. Namun, Revisi MTS kami adalah unidimensional, berkorelasi positif dengan kesejahteraan, dan tidak berhubungan dengan penyesalan. Dengan demikian, tampak bahwa dua skala ini tidak mengukur konstruk yang sama.
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