2 Method 2.1 SamplesParticipants were undergraduate students from a la terjemahan - 2 Method 2.1 SamplesParticipants were undergraduate students from a la Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

2 Method 2.1 SamplesParticipants we

2 Method 2.1 Samples
Participants were undergraduate students from a large Midwestern U.S. university (N = 751) and a large Northeastern university (N = 234) in the United States. No demographic information was collected. Participants with missing data on either the MS or MTS were removed from the data, leaving a total sample size of 948 individuals. The samples were randomly divided in half for the EFA and CFA models (N = 474 each). The IRT and correlation analyses used the combined sample of 948 individuals.
2.2 Measures
Maximizing Tendency Scale (MTS). The MTS (Diab et al., 2008) is composed of nine items that are designed to measure an individual’s tendency toward making optimal decisions. The items are rated on a 5-point response scale with options ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate a greater tendency toward maximizing. The reliability of the MTS in our full (combined) sample was α = .78.
Maximization Scale (MS). Like the MTS, the MS (Schwartz et al., 2002) is composed of thirteen items that are designed to measure an individual’s tendency toward making optimal decisions. The items are rated on a 7 point response scale with response options ranging from completely disagree (1) to completely agree (7). Higher scores indicate a greater tendency toward maximizing. The reliability of the MS in our full (combined) sample was α = .71.
Indecisiveness. The indecisiveness scale (Frost & Shows, 1993) is composed of 15 items that are designed to measure compulsive indecisiveness. The items are rated on a 5-point response scale with options ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate greater levels of indecisiveness. The reliability of the indecisiveness scale in our full (combined) sample was α = .84.
Avoidant Decision Making. The avoidant decision making measure (Scott & Bruce, 1995) is composed of five items that are designed to measure the extent to which an individual puts off making an important decision. The items are rated on a 5-point Likert–Type response scale with options ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate greater levels of avoidance. The reliability of the avoidant decision making measure in our full (combined) sample was α=.90.
Regret. The Schwartz Regret Scale (Schwartz et al., 2002) is composed of five items that are designed to measure regret following a decision. The items are rated on a 7-point response scale with options ranging from completely disagree (1) to completely agree (7). Higher scores indicate greater levels of post–decision regret. The reliability of the regret scale in our full (combined) sam- ple was α = .65.
Neuroticism. The Goldberg Neuroticism Scale (Goldberg et al., 2006) is composed of 20 items presented as short statements that would describe an individual as generally depressed, moody, doubt–filled, etc. Partici- pants are asked to respond to each statement using a 5- point response scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate greater levels of neuroticism. The reliability of the neuroticism scale in our full (combined) sample was α = .93.
Life Satisfaction. The Satisfaction With Life Scale (Di- ener et al., 1985) is composed of five items that are designed to measure the extent to which an individual is satisfied with with the current conditions in his or her life. The items are rated on a 5-point response scale with options ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate higher levels of satisfaction. The reliability of the life satisfaction scale in our full (combined) sample was α = .85.
Depression. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Cole et al., 2004) is composed of 20 items that are designed to measure depression-related feelings that an individual has been having in the past week. Responses based on frequency of the feelings and are categorized into five options that are scored from zero to four. Higher scores indicate more depression-related feelings. The reliability of the depression scale in our full (combined) sample was α = .93.
Subjective Happiness. The subjective happiness scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1997) is composed of four items designed to measure a general (dispositional) level of happiness. The items are rated on a 7-point response scale with response options tailored to each item. Higher scores indicate a greater levels of happiness. The reliability of the subjective happiness scale in our full (com- bined) sample was α = .82.
Optimism. The Optimism Scale (Scheier et al., 1994) is composed of six items designed to measure general feelings of optimism for future events. The items are rated on a 5-point Likert–Type response scale with op- tions ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate greater levels of optimism
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2 Method 2.1 SamplesParticipants were undergraduate students from a large Midwestern U.S. university (N = 751) and a large Northeastern university (N = 234) in the United States. No demographic information was collected. Participants with missing data on either the MS or MTS were removed from the data, leaving a total sample size of 948 individuals. The samples were randomly divided in half for the EFA and CFA models (N = 474 each). The IRT and correlation analyses used the combined sample of 948 individuals.2.2 MeasuresMaximizing Tendency Scale (MTS). The MTS (Diab et al., 2008) is composed of nine items that are designed to measure an individual’s tendency toward making optimal decisions. The items are rated on a 5-point response scale with options ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate a greater tendency toward maximizing. The reliability of the MTS in our full (combined) sample was α = .78.Maximization Scale (MS). Like the MTS, the MS (Schwartz et al., 2002) is composed of thirteen items that are designed to measure an individual’s tendency toward making optimal decisions. The items are rated on a 7 point response scale with response options ranging from completely disagree (1) to completely agree (7). Higher scores indicate a greater tendency toward maximizing. The reliability of the MS in our full (combined) sample was α = .71.Indecisiveness. The indecisiveness scale (Frost & Shows, 1993) is composed of 15 items that are designed to measure compulsive indecisiveness. The items are rated on a 5-point response scale with options ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate greater levels of indecisiveness. The reliability of the indecisiveness scale in our full (combined) sample was α = .84.Avoidant Decision Making. The avoidant decision making measure (Scott & Bruce, 1995) is composed of five items that are designed to measure the extent to which an individual puts off making an important decision. The items are rated on a 5-point Likert–Type response scale with options ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate greater levels of avoidance. The reliability of the avoidant decision making measure in our full (combined) sample was α=.90.Regret. The Schwartz Regret Scale (Schwartz et al., 2002) is composed of five items that are designed to measure regret following a decision. The items are rated on a 7-point response scale with options ranging from completely disagree (1) to completely agree (7). Higher scores indicate greater levels of post–decision regret. The reliability of the regret scale in our full (combined) sam- ple was α = .65.Neuroticism. The Goldberg Neuroticism Scale (Goldberg et al., 2006) is composed of 20 items presented as short statements that would describe an individual as generally depressed, moody, doubt–filled, etc. Partici- pants are asked to respond to each statement using a 5- point response scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate greater levels of neuroticism. The reliability of the neuroticism scale in our full (combined) sample was α = .93.Life Satisfaction. The Satisfaction With Life Scale (Di- ener et al., 1985) is composed of five items that are designed to measure the extent to which an individual is satisfied with with the current conditions in his or her life. The items are rated on a 5-point response scale with options ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate higher levels of satisfaction. The reliability of the life satisfaction scale in our full (combined) sample was α = .85.Depression. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Cole et al., 2004) is composed of 20 items that are designed to measure depression-related feelings that an individual has been having in the past week. Responses based on frequency of the feelings and are categorized into five options that are scored from zero to four. Higher scores indicate more depression-related feelings. The reliability of the depression scale in our full (combined) sample was α = .93.Subjective Happiness. The subjective happiness scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1997) is composed of four items designed to measure a general (dispositional) level of happiness. The items are rated on a 7-point response scale with response options tailored to each item. Higher scores indicate a greater levels of happiness. The reliability of the subjective happiness scale in our full (com- bined) sample was α = .82.Optimism. The Optimism Scale (Scheier et al., 1994) is composed of six items designed to measure general feelings of optimism for future events. The items are rated on a 5-point Likert–Type response scale with op- tions ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate greater levels of optimism
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2 Metode 2.1 Sampel
Peserta adalah mahasiswa sarjana dari universitas besar Midwestern AS (N = 751) dan sebuah universitas besar Northeastern (N = 234) di Amerika Serikat. Tidak ada informasi demografis dikumpulkan. Peserta dengan data yang hilang di kedua MS atau MTS telah dihapus dari data, meninggalkan total ukuran sampel dari 948 individu. Sampel secara acak dibagi dalam setengah untuk EFA dan CFA model (setiap N = 474). IRT dan korelasi analisis yang digunakan sampel gabungan dari 948 orang.
2.2 Tindakan
Memaksimalkan Skala Kecenderungan (MTS). MTS (Diab et al., 2008) terdiri dari sembilan item yang dirancang untuk mengukur kecenderungan individu terhadap pengambilan keputusan yang optimal. Item yang dinilai pada skala respon 5-titik dengan pilihan mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) ke sangat setuju (5). Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan kecenderungan yang lebih besar ke arah memaksimalkan. Keandalan MTS secara penuh (gabungan) sampel kami adalah α = 0,78.
Maksimalisasi Skala (MS). Seperti MTS, MS (Schwartz et al., 2002) terdiri dari tiga belas item yang dirancang untuk mengukur kecenderungan individu terhadap pengambilan keputusan yang optimal. Item yang dinilai pada skala respon 7 titik dengan pilihan respon mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) untuk benar-benar setuju (7). Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan kecenderungan yang lebih besar ke arah memaksimalkan. Keandalan MS secara penuh (gabungan) sampel kami adalah α = 0,71.
Ketidaktegasan. Skala keraguan (Frost & Shows, 1993) terdiri dari 15 item yang dirancang untuk mengukur keraguan kompulsif. Item yang dinilai pada skala respon 5-titik dengan pilihan mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) ke sangat setuju (5). Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan tingkat yang lebih besar dari keraguan. Keandalan skala keraguan penuh (gabungan) sampel kami adalah α = 0,84.
Avoidant Pengambilan Keputusan. The avoidant pengambilan keputusan ukuran (Scott & Bruce, 1995) terdiri dari lima item yang dirancang untuk mengukur sejauh mana seorang individu menempatkan off membuat sebuah keputusan penting. Item yang dinilai pada 5-titik skala Likert respon-Type dengan pilihan mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) ke sangat setuju (5). Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan tingkat yang lebih besar dari penghindaran. Keandalan avoidant pengambilan keputusan ukuran penuh (gabungan) sampel kami adalah α = 0,90.
Penyesalan. Schwartz Skala Penyesalan (Schwartz et al., 2002) terdiri dari lima item yang dirancang untuk mengukur menyesal mengikuti keputusan. Item yang dinilai pada skala respon 7 titik dengan pilihan mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) untuk benar-benar setuju (7). Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan tingkat yang lebih besar dari pasca-keputusan penyesalan. Keandalan skala penyesalan penuh (gabungan) ple sam kami adalah α = 0,65.
Neuroticism. The Goldberg Neuroticism Skala (Goldberg et al., 2006) terdiri dari 20 item yang disajikan sebagai pernyataan singkat yang menggambarkan seorang individu secara umum depresi, murung, tidak diragukan penuh, celana dll partisipasi diminta untuk menanggapi setiap pernyataan menggunakan skala respon titik 5- mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) ke sangat setuju (5). Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan tingkat yang lebih besar dari neurotisisme. Keandalan skala neurotisme secara penuh (gabungan) sampel kami adalah α = 0,93.
Kepuasan Hidup. Kepuasan Dengan Skala Hidup (Di- ener et al., 1985) terdiri dari lima item yang dirancang untuk mengukur sejauh mana seorang individu puas dengan dengan kondisi saat ini di hidupnya. Item yang dinilai pada skala respon 5-titik dengan pilihan mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) ke sangat setuju (5). Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan tingkat yang lebih tinggi kepuasan. Keandalan skala kepuasan hidup secara penuh (gabungan) sampel kami adalah α = 0,85.
Depresi. Pusat Epidemiologi Studi Skala Depresi (Cole et al., 2004) terdiri dari 20 item yang dirancang untuk mengukur perasaan depresi terkait bahwa seorang individu telah memiliki dalam seminggu terakhir. Tanggapan berdasarkan frekuensi perasaan dan dikategorikan ke dalam lima pilihan yang mencetak gol dari nol sampai empat. Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan perasaan depresi terkait lebih. Keandalan skala depresi secara penuh (gabungan) sampel kami adalah α = 0,93.
Kebahagiaan subyektif. Skala subjektif kebahagiaan (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1997) terdiri dari empat item yang dirancang untuk mengukur umum (disposisional) tingkat kebahagiaan. Item yang dinilai pada skala respon 7 titik dengan pilihan respon yang disesuaikan dengan masing-masing item. Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan tingkat yang lebih besar dari kebahagiaan. Keandalan skala kebahagiaan subjektif penuh (com- digabung) sampel kami adalah α = 0,82.
Optimisme. Skala Optimisme (Scheier et al., 1994) terdiri dari enam item yang dirancang untuk mengukur perasaan umum optimisme untuk masa depan peristiwa. Item yang dinilai pada 5-titik skala Likert respon-Type dengan tions op mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) ke sangat setuju (5). Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan tingkat yang lebih besar optimisme
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